consisted of a baseline exam in 1991 to 1993 and two follow-up rounds in 1997 to 1999 and 2002 to 2006, incident open-angle glaucoma which defined incident OAG case as a participate that did not have glaucomatous visual field loss in both eyes at baseline and at least one eye at follow-up examinations, medication data that consisted of corticosteroid stratifying into five groups: inhaled steroids, steroid ointments, ophthalmic steroids, oral steroids, and nasal steroids which were prescribed for all participants