The most beneficial place to set our deep sea mining site is directly off the sea of PNG in the Bismarck Sea because there are ports and docks to ship the minerals to and from. We are running out! We have no time, no option, and no choice. The world’s population is increasing by 228 000 each day. We have around 14 500 days left so only 40 years till the end of oil, 165 years of gas left and 415 years left of coal. We are using these minerals at a phenomenal rate. We need to start to deep sea mine
Manganese is a naturally occurring mineral comprising approximately 0.1 % of the earth’s crust. It is found in many salts and mineral complexes that are widely distributed in rocks, soils and on the floors of lakes and oceans. For aquatic systems the manganous (Mn2+) and manganic (Mn4+) oxidation states of manganese are the most significant. The element dissolves in the water of some underground aquifers when it is present in the geological layers within the aquifer. As a result, since groundwater
Molybdenum is used in synthesis of ascorbic acid and making the iron available in plant. It also helps Phosphorus metabolism and limits ethane to ethylene in plants. Molybdenum serves as an antidote to plants to have excess in Calcium, Manganese, Zinc, and Boron in plants. Deficiency in molybdenum will shows yellowing and stunting growth of plants. 2.1.18 Zinc in Soil Zinc is one of the most essential element needed for plant to have a balanced and normal growth. It acts as an activator
INTRODUCTION Nutrient are important for plant growth. These are also called essential elements and required for the plant to complete its life cycle. Nutrients are important for growth and development of crop, promotes vegetative and reproductive growth, provides protection against many devastating pathogens that is responsible for the yield loss in many economically important crop. Sixteen important nutrients are vital for plant growth. These are 1. Macronutrients: These nutrients are required in
primary resource of cobalt; however occurrences of cobalt are reported from various districts of the country. In India, Cobalt occurring with nickeliferous limonite/ laterite (from Sukinda area, Jajpur district, Odisha) and Copper slags and the seabed nodules are the known resources of Cobalt. As per UNFC system, resources of cobalt in terms of ore as on 1.4.2013 are estimated at 44.91 million tonnes of which about 69%, i.e. 30.91 million tonnes are estimated in Odisha. The remaining 31% resources are
“Concretions, which are compact masses of mineral that form within a pre-existing rock. These nodules are often spherical, elongate, and are harder than the rocks that contain them. They develop around an irregularity within the rock that serves as a nucleus, often a piece of shell, a pebble, or just a harder spot in the rock. As water runs through
sediment plumes, toxic plumes from surface ore dewatering, pelagic ecosystem impacts, undersea noise, ore and oil spills in transport, and more.” and, “the impact of vent mining would be disproportionately high relative to terrestrial mining. Full-scale nodule mining on the abyssal plain would affect thousands of square miles of ocean floor, kill attached invertebrate communities, and create huge subsea sediment plumes that would flow and settle over thousands of square miles of seafloor. Such sedimentation
1.1. Nutraceuticals Nutraceuticals refer to extracts of foods claimed to have medicinal effect on human health. Nutraceuticals are a large and diverse class of compounds, which occur naturally in plants. Although these compounds are considered non-nutritive, many of them possess antioxidant, anti-oestrogenic, antimutagenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic properties that might potentially be beneficial in preventing diseases and protecting the stability of the genome. The term ‘nutraceutical’