Investigating Rate of Reaction between Iodide ions and Peroxodisulphate ions with respect to Temperature and use of a Catalyst Introduction The aim of this experiment was to investigate the affect of the use of a catalyst and temperature on the rate of reaction while keeping all the other factors that affect the reaction rate constant. In the reaction, potassium peroxodisulphate and potassium iodide will be used to provide the peroxodisulphate ions and iodide ions respectively. The ionic formula for the
This reaction involves the oxidation of iodide ions to iodine molecules which are soluble in water and are visible as a pale brown clear solution. The formation of the iodine can easily be detected because all other species in the reaction mixture are colourless. The addition of starch to the reaction mixture further enhances the colour change by forming a dark blue-black complex with the iodine. The overall ionic equation is: (the spectator ions K+ have been left out to see the electron transfer
PLANNING Investigating the Kinetics of the reaction between Iodide ions and Peroxodisulphate (VI) ions By the use of an Iodine clock reaction I hope to obtain the length of time taken for Iodine ions (in potassium iodide) to react fully with Peroxodisulphate ions (in potassium Peroxodisulphate). I will do three sets of experiments changing first the concentration of iodide ions, then the concentration of Peroxodisulphate ions and finally the temperature of the solution in which the reaction is
multi ion beam sputtering technique can be used to successfully fabricate ferroelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT). This technique is very advantageous in that the ion beam current and voltage can be attuned which allows for the control of flux density and energy of sputtered materials. This technique also offers lower operating pressures during deposition, controllable deposition, and outstanding uniformity over larger areas, reproducibility, and localized plasma within an ion source. Ion beam
Lithium-ion batteries were commercially introduced for the first time in 1991[1]. Since their introduction, they have revolutionized consumer electronics by becoming the dominant power-source for devices such as laptops and cell phones. This is mainly due to their superior energy-density compared to other energy sources. Lithium-ion batteries are becoming the subject of even greater interest these days, since they are the power-source of choice for electric vehicles (hybrid and otherwise). This is
History of Lithium-Ion Batteries Rechargeable battery evolution accelerated as the world transitioned to instruments enabled by silicon microchip technology from those of bulky electrical components. Mobile devices were designed to be powered by lightweight energy storage systems. The development of batteries for this rapidly evolving market was challenging: • The nickel cadmium battery had been the only option for modern electronics for many years. It was a great improvement over carbon batteries
another, all of those three devices share one item in common at the very least and that is a Lithium-Ion Battery. Lithium-Ion Batteries are extremely popular in the technology industry for several reasons. First off, they are much lighter then other batteries because they are made with lightweight lithium (a light and reactive metal) and carbon. Second of all, they give the most power per pound. A Lithium-Ion Battery stores 150 watt-hours per kilogram. Compare that with a Nickel-Metal Hydride Battery which
Part of the Neuron Affected, Inhibitory or Excitatory Potential Changes and Ion Channels Affected by Psilocybin Psilocybin belongs to the classification of drugs called hallucinogens. Hallucinogens typically act by stimulating serotonin receptors at different times or for longer durations than serotonin itself would (Kalat 2004). When psilocybin enters the brain, the enzyme alkaline breaks down one of its phosphate groups through hydrolysis. It then becomes psilocin, an even stronger
There is a deep sense of realism that lies in the play Ion. The opening of the play arouses an old wrong, the seduction of Creusa by Apollo, which slowly develops into a tangled plot of deceit. The theme of the play is unique in how it is centered on a human dilemma that many can associate with in some way. From the beginning, one can only imagine the outcome of Apollo’s seduction of Creusa. To make matters worse she has a child. There is an uncanny feeling of darkness and silence as she is made
Ion channels are macromolecular protein structures which form pores within the membrane of cells to enable the movement of ions into and out of cells, and is the basis of fundamental process such as establishing a resting potential, generation of action potentials etc. In order for the channel to be involved in these cell functions it must possess certain features such as ionic specificity, gating mechanism (i.e. voltage or ligand binding), for these reasons, channels have been the subject of much
Plato accounts for the discussion between the famous philosopher, Socrates, and the skilled rhapsode, Ion in his Ion. The two explore an abstract idea that, during primitive times, was controversial and arose in many conversations as useless and unappreciated. This idea of art carries through the text as Socrates mocks Ion, along with all the other rhapsodes and artists, regarding their “untruthful” and “unskillful” profession. He calls them “light and winged and sacred things” that are “unable ever
body fluid. The common cation that being measured are sodium ion and potassium ion, but potassium ion usually not included within the calculation due to very low amount within human body fluid (Emmett and Narins, 1977, pp. 38). The common anions used in the calculation of anion gap are chloride ion and bicarbonate ion. The calculation of anion gap as following: [(Na2+ + K+) − (Cl- + HCO3- )] (Wilson, 2012, p. 907) Usually, potassium ion is not included due to low concentration and stable amount
called The Effect of the Ion Engine propulsion system on a Space Shuttle launch. To effectively understand the project background information will be needed. The observers will need to understand the following terms which are: ions, ion engine, conservation of momentum, atoms, ionization and Newton’s law. It is also important to effectively understand why an ion system would be used and why it is the best, as well as being knowledgeable about the different components. An ion is a “electrically charged
In 1830 Michael Faraday predicted a relationship between the charge passed and the amount of a substance oxidized or reduced at an electrode. His proposal was based on two main arguments related to electrolytic processes: i) The amount of chemical change produced by an electrical current is proportional to the quantity of electricity passed. ii) The amounts of various substances liberated by a given quantity of electricity are inversely proportional to their chemical equivalent weights. These principles
negative ions. The released ions carry electric charges between electrodes, in the solution. Cations (a positively charged ion that migrates to the cathode, a negative electrode) carry positive electric charges toward the cathode. Anions carry negative electric charges toward the anode, positive electrode. Strong electrolytes release many ions and conduct electricity well. Weak electrolytes, like acetic acid, don¡¦t release many ions and conduct poorly. Non electrolytes, like sugar, release no ions and
is a solute inside an electrolytic solution, which is a solution that causes electricity. Electrolyte that has conducts no energy is a nonelectrolyte. In order for an electrolytic solution to cause electricity, the electrolyte needs to have an ion. An ion is an atom that has an electric charge. They ar... ... middle of paper ... .... The first law of electrolysis is “the weight of a substance formed at an electrode during electrolysis is directly proportional to the quantity of electricity that
Properties of Ionic and Covalent Bonds Explained Within the last unit of Chemistry, the cause of ionic and covalent properties was revealed. The true predictor of the compound lies in the bonds that take place. Normally within an ionic bond there is a non-metal and a metal element bonded together. During the bonding elements completely transfer valence electrons between atoms. The metal within the bond loses the few electrons that it has in the outer-most shell which then causes the metal to
and Covalent compounds. Ionic compounds are chemical compounds consisting of two or more ions that are held adjacent to each other by electrical attraction. “One of the ions, called an “anion,” has a negative charge, and the other is called a “cation,” and has a positive charge. “Cations” are usually metallic atoms and “anions” are either atoms of nonmetals or polyatomic ions. “ (1) A polyatomic ion is an ion that contains at least two atoms. A covalent compound is a compound in which the atoms that
electrons in its outer valance, thus contributes to its conductivity and the continuous flow of energy. Ionic compounds are usually formed by a bond with the metal groups and carries a negative charge; can also consist of polyatomic ions. Positive cations and negative ions remain bonded together by their electrical charges. Crystals with ionic properties, such as sodium chloride completely dissociates in water. Thus, ionic compound form crystal, they have a high melting point and known to dissolve evenly
electrons to become negative ions. The FIRST ELECTRON AFFINITY of an element is the ENTHALPY CHANGE WHEN ONE MOLE OF GASEOUS ATOMS GAINS ELECTRONS TO FORM ONE MOLE OF GASEOUS IONS. Electron affinity DECREASES as you DESCEND the group VII: F à 333kJ Cl à 346kJ of energy is released for every one mole of F/Cl/Br/I Br à 324kJ atoms changing to a mole of F/Cl/Br/I ions. I à 295kJ This trend can be explained by the fact that as you descend the group, the X- ion becomes less stable and