valuable, but not (only) instrumentally valuable? Is knowledge ever non-instrumentally valuable? For something to be instrumentally valuable, it “accrues to something in virtue of some further valuable purpose that it serves”. The concept of instrumental value is one which is present in a wide variety of things, such as: logic, for teaching one how to formulate a valid argument; the knowledge of how to read a map, allowing one to find where they are going; a pen, enabling one to write. In each
Inherent and Instrumental Values in Ethics The distinction between inherent and instrumental values in ethics could, in my view, be said to represent a contemporary version of both the eudaimonistic distinction between virtues as instruments and forms of happiness as the goals or ends to be achieved through these instruments, and of the deontological distinction between duties and the summum bonum to be, at least ultimately or in an afterlife, achieved through them. The paper identifies and explores
At the beginning of the semester, we were asked to write about ourselves in a brief essay. I wrote about who I identified as, what my plans would be for the future and what role music played in my life. In my essay, I was a straight-A student, grew up in a small town, wanted to become a law student, and enjoyed singing as a tool for relaxation. Looking back on what I wrote, I am surprised at how much has changed in such a short period. My major has changed to Sociology, and I feel no need to pursue
Instrumental Rationality and the Instrumental Doctrine ABSTRACT: In opposition to the instrumental doctrine of rationality, I argue that the rationality of the end served by a strategy is a necessary condition of the rationality of the strategy itself: means to ends cannot be rational unless the ends are rational. First, I explore cases-involving ‘proximate’ ends (that is, ends whose achievement is instrumental to the pursuit of some more fundamental end) — where even instrumentalists must concede
Music, a popular outlet amongst the teen community for exploring emotions and blowing off steam. Times have changed, and the way music and lyrics are perceived has developed in a violent fashion. According to new studies, that have occurred, violent music lyrics increase aggressive thoughts and feelings. I chose this topic because music is such an influential part of our lives that it often dictates the mood we seize to exist in. If violent thoughts occur, what can come of it? Teens and the human
In today’s pliable, fad-driven societies, music holds a key role in influencing modern culture. Through music, lyrics, and music videos, specific lifestyles and activities can be suggested and advertised. These activities can range from becoming a follower of Christ to earning respect to being promiscuous. This alone proves that music plays an influential part in the daily lives of modern societies. This also shows that music’s effect can be positive or negative. With this evidence comes a question:
Throughout history society has been enchanted by music. Whether it is ritual, emotional release, religious, or just plainly relaxing to music has been at the center of our society. We use music to express ourselves, to tell stories, and let other into our thoughts. However, we often wonder if what we are saying has an effect on the listening audience. Recently, music references have been made to link violent and deviant behavior to music. The key social issues likely to arise in the next twenty
As David Machin stated in 2010, “lyrics are not only about artists telling stories but also communicating discourses about their identity.” (Machin D, 2010: 78) indeed, the lyrics of a song play an important role in connecting with people and providing people with reflexive identities, when people listen to the music, the linguistic meaning offers the audience with better representation of the music and creates more emotional connection between the singers and the audiences. Also, as different music
Why do people find comfort in certain music genres, and how does music affect our behavior? It is known by most that music can and likely does affect our behavior, many people wonder how and why it affects so many people in such diverse ways. Could it be because music makes us feel a certain way? Do different music genres make us think different thoughts? What kind of thoughts do they cause us to come up with? Can music cause us to act a certain way? Does music have any health benefits for humans
in Portugal I met D.i.n Beats through YouTube as he also uploads his instrumentals for showcase and for sale on YouTube. He commented on one of my instrumental videos and that’s how we linked up and began to work together. Later on, he sent me a couple of instrumentals through Whatsapp for me to listen and provide feedback. In one of the instrumentals, he had a sample of himself humming a rap verse in French over the instrumental. I told him it was really cool and inquired whether he was a rapper
Instrumental conditioning provides positive and negative reinforcement to obtain desired behaviors. This paper discusses learning strategies like punishment, extinction, escape and avoidance, stimulus generalization and discrimination techniques. It also look at implications like once the stimulus is master, then the reinforcement is no longer needed. The benefits and drawbacks are also discussed. Rewards being a major benefit for progress. Drawbacks happen when the child losses the motivation
blue. At the point when another auto cuts you off in activity and you start hollering and upbraiding the other driver, you are encountering indiscreet animosity. 2. Instrumental Aggression Instrumental animosity, otherwise called ruthless hostility, is set apart by practices that are expected to accomplish a bigger objective. Instrumental animosity is frequently precisely arranged and typically exists as an unfortunate obligation.Harming someone else in a theft or auto jacking is a case of this sort
Can Instrumental Reasoning Stand Alone? I. Introduction There is something appealing about ordinary instrumental or means-end reasoning. One begins with a want, a goal or a desire and considers available options as means to its satisfaction or achievement. If, among the available options, one is the best or only way to satisfy the desire or achieve the goal, one has a reason to select it. If two or more options both seem to lead to the goal, they may still differ in other ways, e.g., in
The Classification and Hierarchy of Values ABSTRACT: I attempt to look into the issue of the ranks of values comprehensively and progressively. Anti-values can be classified into the following six categories by ascending order: (1) the act of destroying the earth-of annihilating humankind and all other living organisms; (2) the act of mass killing of people by initiating a war or committing treason; (3) the act of murdering or causing death to a human being; (4) the act of damaging the body
behavior, Instrumental or Expressive. Negotiators usually look at the behavioral, criminal, and psychological distinctiveness of the hostage takers involved in the situations to decide whether they should be handled as instrumental or expressive. When involved in this type of situation the negotiator is facing crisis situations that are unplanned and involve a barricade which occurs in the home by angry males in a domestic dispute, (Goodwill, Stephens, Oziel, Yapp, & Bowes, 2012). Instrumental behavior
conditions that plague all attempts to grasp the meaning of Romantic as applied to the music of the 19th century. This opposition involved the relation between music and words. If instrumental music is the perfect Romantic art, why is it acknowledged that the great masters of the symphony, the highest form of instrumental music, were not Romantic composers, but were the Classical composers, Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven? Moreover, one of the most characteristic 19th century genres was the Lied
when the criminal act occurs. Cognitive aspect focuses on whether the offender has clarity and coherence when they commit the crime. This can help determine if the crime was expressive and instrumental. Expressive being an emotional based crime. Instrumental being a thought out, emotionless, crime. For instrumental crimes, criminal planning is the next step. This consists of the mens rea and criminal rational decision making. Thirdly, to clear all slate of guilt, criminals must rationalize the guilt
concluded that the contextual examination will be exploratory and instrumental, the following stride is to concentrate on the reasonable key areas of the investigation. Does the review require a wide range of cases for relative investigation (e.g. (Campbell and Ahrens, 1998)), or would one single case (e.g. (Gao, 2013)) suffice? As beforehand said, aggregate or different contextual investigations are most usually utilized by instrumental contextual investigation outlines. Different contextual investigations
those being instrumental theory and organization. This will help with the viewing of behavior that goes on in terrorist organizations with terms of two explanations. First being an instrumental theory, the act of terrorism, which is an intentional choice (Crenshaw 1987:13). The second theory, organization, which is a unit of acts to achieve collective values which involve radical changes
Being instrumental reflective has more weaknesses than strength. By interviewing three people with different communication styles, I realize the tendency and pattern of my own style. I identify the reflective side as the “real me” because I use it most of the time. It serves as a good listener along normal conversation with friends and family members because conflict seldom happens through this approach. The only weakness for the reflective side is lack of confidence when I communicate at workplace