1. Indonesian Educational Language Policy: A Brief History Indonesia is a linguistically complex country with most Indonesians being bilingual or multilingual, speaking Bahasa Indonesia - the national and official language – plus one or more of the 700 vernacular languages (ICBS, 2010), plus a language with external roots (such as Arabic or English). For example, I speak Bahasa Indonesia, two vernacular languages (Javanese and Madurese), and English, and I am not unusual in doing so. Swiftkey (2015)
Chairul Tanjung has made a lot of changes for the growth of Indonesian economy from the businesses that he has established, such as business in entertainment, bank, property, and lifestyle. It is because by his confidence to open some business, he has created a lot of job opportunities for the Indonesian people. In fact, he has given a chance for more than 75,000 people in Indonesia to get a job (Sirno, 2015). As a result, the Indonesian’s
Indonesians are generally spiritual and value self-control to maintain harmony within and between the tangible (human, flora and fauna) and intangible (God, gods, and spirit) worlds. People must know their place in society which is often determined by age, role in society, experience, and knowledge. Parents and older generation are to be respected, and consulting them in important matters is highly valued. The group is more important than the individual, thus maintaining group harmony is important
Indonesian mask Description This mask is from Indonesia. It is a squashed-circle shaped animal mask, that has many different shapes combined into it. As you can see in the drawing, the expression in this mask looks very joyful and happy. But it depends what role it has, and how you interpret it. This mask could be angry, sad, surprised, or even frightened. There are many different shapes used in this mask, for example, the eyes are very circular, the teeth are pointed, and the rest is very swirled
according to Alisyahbana (1990) speak about 500 different languages. The people inhabiting this vast region are generally grouped as Indonesian. Anthropologically speaking, they are made up of many different ethnic groups, each having its own culture and speak a distinct language as its mother tongue. In spite of differences in cultures and native languages, there still exists some common aspects of their cultures, and so one can talk about “Indonesian Culture” (Alisyahbana, 1961: 9-10). However, due to
of the Indonesian tribes. The natives of Indonesia achieved unity through adoption of a common language that facilitated communication. Therefore, adoption of a common language was one of the significant factors that contributed to the development of nationalism in Indonesia. Today, Indonesian is the formal lingo in Indonesia. It is used as language of instruction in most learning institutions and national media (Simpson 2007, pp. 45-46). Moreover, it is one of the most popular languages globally
Lemang This is one of the famous old-style Malay Cuisine in Malaysia and it is made up of glutinous rice that is marinated with coconut milk and then placed into hollow bamboo to be roasted upon a small naked fire. It is then served with Rendang or Curry that acts as a sauce or an additional hot and spicy flavour, with some tender meat to chew on, either beef, lamb or chicken. Lemang is one of the popular dishes served during the famously celebrated occasion by Muslims all over Malaysia that is Hari
In the present era of globalization, translation plays a major role in conveying messages from one language to another. However, translation is not an easy task as we can witness many cases of wrong translations. In the process of translation, either from Indonesian to any foreign languages or from any foreign languages to Indonesian, translators cannot ignore the errors which can happen during the translation. These errors often happen and must be overcome by translators. Translation is similar
the meaning and form of the word we can find also in the local language of any kind. Especially in the local language Tulungagung is generated from daily conversation of from another language which ingredients to form new language. The new language as language to typical of
from in every country when the people are speaking English, where for some, it might their first, second, or third language. However, accent should not be a problem since it is a gift and at heredity so that we have to be grateful with kinds of accent we have. Speaking about English, it has been widely used as an international language. Thus, in some countries,
people language is power and for others, the purpose of learning a new language is to bond closely with people who speak another language. Personally, I choose to learn languages because I am required to and learning useful languages can come in very handy. Learning languages can be hard for some and easy to pick up for some. Currently I speak 3 languages: English, Indonesian and Mandarin (excluding the Javanese dialect). Obviously, I had some struggles learning the languages, but some languages are
tool of the meaning transfer from one language to another for every aspect of life throughout the world. Major aspects of life such as religion, literature, science, and technology have depended on the translation role. In general, the translation role in human civilization and advancement is without a doubt contributive. The contribution of translation to human knowledge is facilitated by the translator’s knowledge and expertise in at least two different languages. This notion makes the relation between
different languages so that they can use the language of choice in communication activities. As in known in Indonesia, people of different languages, which means using more than one language to communicate. This phenomenon is called code switching or code mixing. Code switching is a transitional phenomenon that one code into another code, depending on the circumstances and background of the speaker. Changes may include factors such as the relationship between the speaker and the listener, language variation
An Analysis of Grammatical Errors in Essay Introduction The students sometimes make errors on the use of grammar when they produce an English writing, also in writing essay texts. It is because Indonesian and English have their own grammatical system. This problem may occur due to their lack of knowledge of English grammatical rules. Learning English is a necessity for some people. Learning English cannot be separated from learning grammar. Students sometimes make errors on the use of grammar when
Language is very important; it is part of communication and it allows you to connect to other people. The importance of language is that it involve the use of language in every aspect and interaction in our everyday lives. We use language in order to communicate effectively using our words, gestures, and tone of voice in multitude of situation. As defined by Richard & Schmidt (2010), language is the system of human communication which consists of the structured arrangement of sound into larger units
overall aims of this paper are to find out how far the Indonesian English (Indolish) expressions are understood by the Indonesian and non-Indonesian people. The detailed investigation covers three main areas: 1). The difference between the Indonesian English variety (Indolish) and the standard English and the causes of the difference; 2) The Indonesian and non-Indonesian students’ level of understanding regarding the expressions written in the Indonesian English variety (Indolish); and 3). The easiest and
Within a decade, it is estimated that roughly 2 billion people around the world would be either speaking and/or learning the english language. With the advent of the internet, this language is spread easily through various continents and countries. Places such as India, Pakistan, The Philippines and Nigeria have their own indigenous and local languages but are also ranked with the most english speakers in their country right after the United States which is first. India which comes second already
and adaptation. 2.4.1 Direct Translation Because of structural and metalinguistic parallelisms between languages,
cultures. Cultures across the globe interact differently on basic societal, religious, and political levels. The way that these cultures differ is important to understanding the past, present, and future of our time on Earth. Contrasting cultural language, social interactions, families, and educational institutions all play an impactful role in differentiating one vulture from the other. Japan in particular diverges in those main points to the United States in many ways. Without leaving out communication
regarded as the essentials for status in literate and less literate multilingual and multicultural societies. Moreover, People nowadays use more than one language because they need those languages for different purposes. One of the example cases can be seen on the book by Janet Holmes, when Mr. Patel who lives at Bombay speaks several languages, such as Gujerati, Marathi, Kacchi and also English to communicate with other people. The reason is he knows that more than half the world's population is