1. Hydrogen Economy 1.1 Introduction Coal, oil and natural gas have been at the forefront of powering the world since the industrial revolution. Whether this power is used for new technology, transport links or energy the threat that fossil fuels has on the environment is colossal. Energy availability for the masses is the main dominant challenge in the 21st century and is driven by the world’s forever increasing population and the industrialization of developing countries (Crabtree, Dresselhaus
utility vehicles” (Brown, 2007). Vehicles and public transportation methods account for a critical portion of our nations energy tab. One way scientists have countered this problem is the development of alternative fuels, specifically the use of Hydrogen Fuel Cells. Advancements in the research and development of this alternative fuel have proven to be a vital solution to this nation’s increasingly prevalent energy crisis. “The world’s demand for energy is projected to double by 2050 in response
most common thing in our life - WATER. Water consists of two chemical elements, hydrogen and oxygen. Each molecule of water consists of two hydrogen (H2) atoms and one oxygen (O) atom. Chemical binding between these three atoms is very stable and strong. Therefore, the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen is under normal circumstances very intense and generates a lot of energy. 2H2 + O2 ® 2H2O + energy Both, hydrogen and oxygen are gases at normal temperatures and pressures and the product of this
The methane reformer is a chemical synthesis that turns methane into pure hydrogen, using a catalyst. The hydrogen produced can be applied in numerous areas, such as, hydrogenation of fats and oil, production of ammonia and also in fuel cells (a device that produces electricity by combining hydrogen and oxygen). Platinum is usually used as a catalyst in the methane reformer and plays a vital role in fuel cells. Platinum is a very effective metal because it has the right amount of strength in absorbing:
water into hydrogen and oxygen by methods for an electric ebb and flow. Electrolysis is important because it is used for making fertilizers, being made to be able to fuel cars. Right now it is used to fuel rockets but soon our cars will be able to use it as everyday fuel and extracting metals. In the study of electrolysis education.com did some research and an experiment on it. This experiment took place in 2006. They found that baking soda was a good source to add to the water so the hydrogen and oxygen
and Ether Synthesis Ethers are organic compounds characterized by an oxygen. The compounds are bounded by two alkyl or aryl. Ethers look like alcohols and both of these look like water. Within alcohols there is one hydrogen atom replaced of water replaced by alkyl but in ether, hydrogen atoms are replaced by alkyl or aryl groups. Ethers are usually nice-smelling and colorless when they are room temperature. Compared to alcohols ethers are less dense and soluble and usually have lower boiling points
only take approximately 22 gallons of water (Robinson, n.d). Thus, shouldn’t we develop Stanley Meyer’s technology to fuel our lives? This paper discusses how cars can use hydrogen to create power, how they are eco-friendly, the car companies and the Department of Energy (DOE), the limiting conditions and life of a hydrogen car, and the science behind Stanley Meyer’s dune buggy. Background The chemical make up of water is perfect for creating fuel. When it is separated into it’s individual atoms
since sugar beets and yeast grow fast, the reaction has low atom economy and the enzyme gets killed from the ethanol produced. However, the industrial production of ethanol is also a good example of why Le Chatalier’s principle is important in real life as ethanol is produced by a reversible reaction between ethene and steam. Iron is used as a catalyst in the Haber process – the reversible production of ammonia, which combines hydrogen and nitrogen. Containing potassium hydroxide as a promoter to increase
rarest of all precious metals? It was discovered in 1803 in London by English chemist William Hyde Wollaston. He obtained the metal from an original sample of platinum ore in South America. The product was a dark red powder that Wollaston treated with hydrogen gas in order to get what we now call rhodium. The element name is derived from the Greek word Rhodon, which means rose-colored (Thomas Jefferson NAF). First, rhodium is one of the platinum group metals along with the other elements ruthenium
Every element in the periodic table falls into one category of metals, non-metals or metalloids. Metals are the most common type and they are defined by certain chemical and physical properties. Metals can be narrowed down by looking at their chemical properties. They have positive valences, which means that they give electrons to the atoms they bond with. Giving negative electrons away makes the metals form cations. (BrainPop) As metals form cations, they are able to oxidize and this makes them
Chemistry Task 1 Aly Merchant Year 11 Timeline and Profile of Aluminium Element: Aluminium Element Symbol: Al Atomic Number: 13 Atomic Weight: 26.981539 Melting point: 660.32 °C (933.47 K ) Boiling point: 2,519 °C (2743 K ) Electron Configuration: 2,8,3 [1] [1] “Royal Society of Chemistry”, John Emsley 2012. Aluminium is a chemical element which is a metal, it is lustrous, ductile and non magnetic. Aluminium is also the third most abundant element on earth and the most abundant element
continued experimentation and new exploration will help explain the mystery. The use of cold fusion would be a boon to mankind. It’s use would solve all energy delimmas currently facing the petroleum dependant modern society. Elimination of pollution, economy, and ready availability of raw materials would be a tremendous improvement over today’s combustion engines and chemical cells. More so than any other alternative energy solution, cold fusion presents a source that is truly renewable and, if it lives
1. Introduction Heterocyclic chemistry is the branch of chemistry dealing with the synthesis, properties and applications of heterocycles. The name comes from the greek word “heteros” which means “different”. Any of a class of organic compounds whose molecules contain one or more rings of atoms with at least one atom (the heteroatom) being an element other than carbon, most frequently oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur [1]. The most common heterocycles are classified in aliphatic and aromatic molecule.
Hydrogen: the Fuel of the Future? The Problem: For years, United States citizens have been using natural gases and oils to power their cars. While doing so we have also been polluting our environment, making ourselves dependant on other regions of the world, and depleting our oil reserves. Rory Sporrows of “Geographical” wrote, “The car is responsible for combusting eight million barrels of oil every day, contributing to nearly a quarter of total global greenhouse emissions and causing major
Chloromethane, more commonly referred to as methyl chloride, is an organic compound categorized as a haloalkane functional group. Functional groups are atoms that control how the molecule will react with other molecues. Haloalkane functional groups consist of a carbon atom with four single bonds and one of the bonds in occupied by an element in the Halogen family; in this case chlorine. The structural formula is CH3Cl. This formula effects some of the physical properties which include the boiling
Hydrogen: Car Power of the Future Abstract Recent years have shown an increasingly large need for a practical renewable energy source for such reasons as diminishing fossil fuels and increases in greenhouse gasses. Hydrogen appears to be a way out of this gasoline-dug hole, or at least, a way out in the future. Hydrogen fuel cell cars are being engineered as we speak as the technologies to refuel them cleanly are being proposed. Unfortunately, most of the technologies associated with hydrogen
Hydrogen as an Alternative Fuel What is Hydrogen? The simplest and lightest fuel is hydrogen gas (H2). Hydrogen is in a gaseous state at atmospheric pressure and ambient temperatures. Hydrogen is being explored for use in combustion engines and fuel cell electric vehicles. On a volumetric basis, the energy density of hydrogen is very low under ambient conditions. This presents greater transportation and storage hurdles than for liquid fuels. Storage systems being developed include compressed
Investigating Factors that Affect the Amount of Heat Produced in Neutralisation I am going to investigate factors that affect the amount of heat produced in neutralisation. My objective is to plan and conduct an experiment from which I should be able to draw a firm conclusion that will either prove or disprove any predictions I have made. The factor I will be investigating is concentration
Investigating the Effect that Concentration Has on a Reaction INTRODUCTION ============ Aim- to investigate the effect that concentration has on a reaction on these factors: * Temperature rise * Heat evolved * Heat given off due to the neutralization between Hydrochloric Acid and Sodium hydroxide solution. Neutralization takes place when acids react with substances called bases. When they react their acidity is cancelled out, and the reaction always produces a salt and water
acidified water affects the rate at which hydrogen gas is produced. The solution to be electrolysed is made up using acid and water. It is of little consequence what acid is used however in this case I will use Sulphuric acid (H2SO4). When H2SO4 is put in water it is dissociated and forms ions: H2SO4 → 2H (2+) + SO4 (2-) Ions are also present from the water in the solution: H2O → H (+) + OH (-) During the electrolysis process, the positive hydrogen ions move towards the cathode and