Measures of Market Concentration Market concentration describes the extent to which the top firms in an industry, say in the car industry where the top five firms in the UK would account for nearly 90% of the market, take up a large portion of the market share. There are various methods used to measure this, which will be discussed in turn. ‘The concentration ratio is the percentage of all sales contributed by the leading three or five, say, firms in a market.’ (Maunder, P. et al (1991)
Short Paper Economics can relate to competition as well as choice in the world of healthcare. For example market concentration in healthcare is when there are only a select few companies who produce and sell their products to the majority of the healthcare facilities around the country. In other words, these products may be limited and not many companies may make them, so selling them to most of healthcare facilities will create a larger selling market for them. Therefore, it is a useful economic
measured within an industry by using various methods, the first is the concentration ratio which is the percentage of the market share owned by the biggest companies within an industry (Young, P 2014). The second measurement tool is the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), which calculates the percentage of market shares held by all firms within an industry by square rooting the market share (Bikker, J & Haaf, K 2002). Banking structure is also able to be determined through market segmentation, product
childhood of abuse and neglect. If there is a case that proves a person's childhood is reflected in their later actions this could certainly be one. He was never taught that life had any value and perhaps this led him into a life of crime. (killer index) Henry Lee Lucas was born on August 23, 1936, in Blacksburg Virginia. Lucas's mother was an abusive prostitute who forced both her disabled husband and son Henry to watch her performance of sexual acts on strangers. Henry's father was missing both
that start button, a window will appear in which the experiment will take place. To begin, press the space bar. A small fixation dot will appear in the center of the screen, it is necessary to stare at the dot. Place your left index finger on the V key and your right index finger on the M key. A fraction of a second later a red or green square will appear to the left or the right...
The Database Databases are becoming as common in the workplace as the stapler. Businesses use databases to keep track of payroll, vacations, inventory, and a multitude of other taske of which are to vast to mention here. Basically businesses use databases anytime a large amount of data must be stored in such a manor that it can easily be searched, categorized and recalled in different means that can be easily read and understood by the end user. Databases are used extensively where I work. In fact
return than the market average. The market average can be calculated in many ways (some of which are shady and used to make it look like someone has exceeded market returns), but usually a benchmark like the S&P 500 or the Dow Jones Industrial Average index is a good representation of the market average. If your returns (which you can learn how to calculate here) exceed the percentage return of the chosen benchmark, you have beaten the market - congrats! 2. A company's earnings, sales or some other
Hypothesis: To investigate what type of people read which paper, I will do a survey. In the survey I will try to find out what their occupation is , their age, and what newspaper they read. T o investigate the reading age I will use the "Gunning Fog Index" readability test, I also tried the "Flesch Readability Test". And then decided which test was more accurate, and suitable for the result I needed. To find the average word length I took the first 100 words of an article and made a tally chart
The front page of a newspaper provides a great deal of information on various subjects. Most newspapers include a weather forecast, an index or brief description of articles inside the paper, and a small sports scorecard to accompany the local and national news. Newspapers also concentrate on how to grab the attention of readers. They most commonly use a larger, darker type of print, mixture of color, and/or pictures on the front page of the paper. A newspaper’s job is to update people on the happenings
written word was destroyed. Responding to this new technology of freedom, the Church developed a number of control mechanisms. The most obvious, and perhaps famous of these was the Index librorum prohibitum (Index of Prohibited Books). The Index listed hundreds of banned authors and books.3 Less famous than the Index but absolutely central to the rise of censorship, was Church and government use of exclusive printing privileges, which granted favored printers a monopoly right to publish books so
Indices and Charting Specific Objectives: 1) Define the purpose of dental indices, such as DMF-T, DMF-S, Gingival Inflammation Index and Plaque Index. Dental indices are important tools used in examinations to provide a numeric score that quantifies the magnitude of the disease measured. DMF-T: The number of teeth that are decayed, missing, or filled, the DMFT index, is a total score of all affected teeth and provides a caries experience score for an individual. DMF-S: A count of tooth surfaces
between the two media. The amount of bending depends on the indices of refraction of the two media and is described quantitatively by Snell's Law. (Refer to diagram below) The index of refraction is defined as the speed of light in vacuum divided by the speed of light in the medium. In this experiment, the index of refraction for the perspex is 1.50. Snell's Law relates the indices of refraction of the two media to the directions of propagation in terms of the angles to the normal. It
Library's Database- Original Writing I will produce a database for the school library. The school needs a database because they are currently using an out of date card index. The card index is useful but there are some problems with this method of recording of who has taken what book from the library. The problem with the card index is that the person who took a certain book out the library might lose his/her card and forgets he has taken that book out then that boy/girl can’t take a book out again
original string. Hashing is used to index and retrieve items in a database because it is faster to find the item using the shorter hashed key than to find it using the original value. It is also used in many encryption algorithms Hash functions: Hash functions are mostly used in hash tables, to quickly locate a data record (for example, a dictionary definition) given its search key (the headword). Specifically, the hash function is used to map the search key to the index of a slot in the table where
it bends towards the normal (refracts). You can work out the refractive index of by dividing the sine of the incidence angle by the sine of the angle of refraction and then working out the ratio of the two. Sine i Sine r From this refractive index you can work out the speed of light through the chosen medium by dividing the speed of light through air by the refractive index. 300,000,000 Refractive index Experiment: Apparatus list: Ray box Power pack Perspex D-Block
Investigating Refraction Aim: Find the critical angle and refractive index for plastic using a graphical treatment for my results. Introduction: The Refractive Index is how the much a material bends the light. In this experiment I will be looking at the how much the angle of incidence gets refracted and I will multiply my results by sine. I will plot a graph from my results and, using a line of best fit, I will calculate the size of the angle of incidence in order for the refracted angle
given its own symbol: c. The speed of light in any other material we denote with v. The ratio of the two is defined as the refractive index, symbol: n. Equations Refractive Index Sin I Speed of light in Perspex =a constant = Speed of light in light in air Sin R [IMAGE][IMAGE] I could also use my graph to calculate the refractive index Apparatus * Ray Box * Perspex D-Block * Protractor paper * Pen/ Pencil * Ruler [IMAGE] Diagram [IMAGE]
for use with multi-output and multi-input treatments. Additionally, DEA can be extended to construct dynamic indices by use of the Malmquist Index technique. However use of this technique depends upon access on an inclusive set ‘output’ and ‘input’ variables necessary to model the relevant technology. Input vs. Output Oriented Indices When constructing an index the decision must be made to included inputs and/or outputs of wellbeing in the list of indicators. Inputs constitute any variable which contributes
Investigating What Factors Affect Reflection Prediction: The angle of incidence is proportional to the angle of Refraction. Angle I Angle r 10 6 20 14 30 21 40 28 50 34 60 39 70 44 80 47 Results: Angle I Angle r 10 8 20 15 30 20 40 28 50 33 60 38 70 42 80 47 Averages of both results: Angle I ======= Angle r 10 7 20 14.5 30 20.5 40 28 50 33
History Of all the pioneers of this industry, none stand out as the primary leader of discovery or development. This competitive environment was an integral part of this field's progress. Not all discoveries were harbored as proprietary. There was a great deal of information that flowed amongst the leading scientists developing this technology. Here are some of the key players and some of their contributions: Claude Chappe, French Engineer invented the Optical Telegraph, which used a series