A result of the division of forces was the Peloponnesian's establishing a permanent garrison at Decelea in northern Attica. This was approximately fifteen miles from Athens itself. This forced the Athenians to give up the surrounding land and permanently live in the city. Thousands of slaves deserted to the Peloponnesians and industry and commerce shrank (Botsford and Robinson 218). This had a tremendous impact on Athens' economy and ability to finance the war. With enemies at its back, Athens was
League sent more reinforcements to Syracuse, in the hopes of driving off the Athenians; but instead of withdrawing; the Athenians sent another hundred ships and another 5,000 troops to Sicily. Under Gylippus, the Syracusans and their allies were able to decisively defeat the Athenians on land; and Gylippus encouraged the Syracusans to build a navy, which was able to defeat the Athenian fleet when they attempted to withdraw. The Athenian army, attempting to withdraw overland to other, more friendly Sicilian
The Macedonians under Philip II and Alexander made such significant advancements in the way they waged warfare that it is considered a military revolution. They were able to change their tactics, technology, political organization, and even change the balance of power in the world. In order to see how they changed the practice of war, we must look at battles from before Philip II, specifically battles from the Peloponnesian War, and we must also look at battles that occurred after Philip II, such