Ferdinand the Second was one of the most successful monarchs in establishing an absolutist rule in both political and religious areas. During his lifetime he held many titles and was a member of the House of Hapsburg. He was a strict Roman Catholic and did not have any tolerance for Protestants. Shortly after he was named ruler of Bohemia he rapidly pursued catholic reform with much success. He resolved many conflicts in Bohemia and throughout the Holy Roman Empire. Many historians believe Ferdinand
was semi-autonomous with Habsburgs and Ottomans vying for control. Lastly there was Royal Hungary, the only part of Hungary still under Habsburg control in this period. It consisted of the western and north-western areas that had been secured by Ferdinand I after being declared King of Hungary by the pro-Habsburg part of the noblity in 1526. This division remained the status quo into the seventeenth century. In this essay, it will be argued that due to this division the Habsburgs found it impossible
Defenestration of Prague. Although the governors survived the fall, Protestants replaced the Catholic governors with men that more aligned with their own views. This specific event led to the Thirty Years' War. Eventually Ferdinand of Styria was consummated as Emperor Ferdinand... ... middle of paper ... ...ld and the implementation of humanity is the key to finding meaning; in a sense, although he had to do a brutal and forsaken profession Mydlar tried to handle it with as much dignity and respect
for the House of Habsburg to exercise control and to unify its empire. Religion proved to be the most difficult matter to control, attempts to do so resulted in the Thirty Years’ War. Early in the 17th century, Ferdinand I ascended to the throne of the Habsburg, Austrian Empire. Ferdinand was a devout Catholic and his subjects in his Bohemian territory believed that the right to practice Protestantism, granted to them by... ... middle of paper ... ... Constitutional Monarchy form of government
Absolute monarchs ruled though the policy of absolutism. Absolutism declared that the king ruled though divine right with a legitimate claim to sole and uncontested authority (French State Building and Louis XIV). On this basis, Louis XIV of France and Suleiman I of the Ottoman Empire were both absolute monarchs. Each ruler believed that his power belonged to him and him alone due to divine right. They showed their absolute power by living lavishly, increased their power by waging wars, and kept
where the population reached roughly three million people. By the end of Louis’ reign, he had expanded Hungary’s borders to include Poland through a dynastic union and had reached a point where he regarded himself as an equal of the French king or Holy Roman
disorganization amongst the Ottoman ranks, and a much stronger Viennese defense than was anticipated. On May 10, 1529 Sultan Suleiman left Istanbul on an offensive campaign. Earlier, in August 1526, the Ottoman forces had defeated the forces of King Louis II of Hungary at the Battle of Mohacs. This put south-eastern Hungary under Ottoman control, giving Suleiman the Magnificent the foot-hold in Europe he so desperately wanted. Up until this point Suleiman’s military prowess had been unprecedented; he
When and Where Maria Theresa’s 40 year reign began on October 20, 1740, right after her father passed away and gave the throne to her. She ruled over Austria, Hungary, Croatia, Bohemia, Mantua, Milan, Lodomeria and Glacia, the Austrian Netherlands and Parma. Maria Theresa was the last of the House of Habsburg and the only ever female ruler of the Habsburg dominions. Her Accomplishments Maria Theresa was the Archduchess of Austria, the Queen of Bohemia, and the Queen of Hungary. She wanted to make
Cassiopeia shocked the scientific community because it suggested that the universe was not in fact perfect and unchanging, as it was believed to be at the time. With the discovery of this "new" star, Brahe dedicated himself to astronomy. Frederick II, king of Denmark and Norway, provided Tycho with funds to construct and equip an astronomical observatory on the island of Hven in 1576. Brahe named this observatory Uraniborg. For 20 years, the observatory was the center for astronomical study and
The Congress of Vienna was a series of conferences held in Vienna, from 1814-1815. In which many European heads of government met to establish long-lasting piece, preventing revolution and any other nations from becoming to powerful, on the European continent after the defeat of Napoleon. Even though many countries came together to discus an issue, “the Congress of Vienna was more successful than many other peace meetings in history” (Beck, 241). The most influential of these representatives was
truth as one of the cause of French Revolution? Was she really a cause of the French Revolution? Marie Antoinette was born on November 2, 1755 at the Hofburg Palace in Vienna, Austria, and in a rich family. She was one of the fifteen children of Holy Roman Emperor Francis I and Empress Maria Theresa. She was the youngest daughter but second youngest child among those fifteen children. She lacked of education, so her handwriting was not easy to understand. Instead of liberal art lessons, she had more interested
Frederick the Great of Prussia and Joseph II of Austria adopted the newfound ideas of the Enlightenment to different extents with Frederick the Great advancing the ideas by implementing religious toleration, freedom of speech and press, and setting a single code of laws for all of his subjects and not advancing them by not abolishing serfdom for fear of upsetting the “Junkers”, or Prussian nobility; Joseph II advanced the ideas of the Enlightenment eagerly by completely abolishing serfdom paying
1198 the recently elected Pope Innocent III began preaching for another Crusade that would attempt to regain control of the Holy Land, as the Third Crusade left Saladin, a Muslim leader, in control of Jerusalem. Innocent III began preparing for war, and formed an agreement with the Venetians, stating that the Crusaders would pay the Venetians for transportation to the Holy Land. Innocent III overestimated his forces, and needed less supplies than he requested, however, Venice still wanted the full
The Holy Roman Empire between 1197-1218 Between 1197 and 1218 the Holy Roman Empire became a medieval soap opera. The main characters were Pope Innocent III, Fredrick II, Phillip of Swabbia, and Otto IV. King Phillip of France would also play a major role along with Constance, mother of Fredrick II. The background from this period of 21 years was riveting. In 1197 Henry VI, king of Sicily, and the Holy Roman Empire died leaving his two year old son Fredrick II as king of Sicily. However Phillip
all good order.” Catherine the Great said that Peter “did no... ... middle of paper ... ...“did not amount to complete emancipation or civil and religious equality” for all. In conclusion, the rulers in the second half of the C20th- Joseph II and Catherine the Great were more enlightened than their predecessors Maria-Theresa and Peter the Great, who realised that they had not done the good that they could have done. But Catherine and Joseph’s reforms cannot be said to be wholly enlightened
a confident leader who put little faith in popular opinion or sentiment because he believed that the common man was too fickle in his loyalties and too inept to understand the magnitude of foreign policy. He was a loyal "servant" to the Austrian Emperor, even though Metternich was the true head of the Empire's government. Prince Klemens von Metternich was a complex individual that embodied the principles of 19th century conservatism and, through his Congress of Vienna, led the major European powers
Maria Theresa Birth Date and Birth Place Maria Theresa, the eldest daughter of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI and Elizabeth Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, was born in Vienna on May 13, 1717. Early Life When the only son of Charles VI died and left no heir to the throne, Charles furthered the Pragmatic Sanction. The Pragmatic Sanction is a royal act, which allowed a female to inherit the territories of the Habsburg. In 1736 Maria Theresa married Francis Stephen of Lorraine. The marriage of
Tycho Brahe (December 14, 1546 - October 24 1601) was a Danish mathematician known for his accurate and comprehensive astronomical and planetary observations. He was born in Scania, which used to be part of Denmark, Now part of modern day Sweden. Brahe was raised by his wealthy uncle. Brahe studied at colleges in Copenhagen and Leipzig. His family requested him to study law, but he pursued astronomy instead. At 20 years old, Tycho fought a fellow student to determine who was the better mathematician
their authority on the grounds of usefulness, not divine right. These new monarchs were rational and reformist and they regarded political change as possible and desirable. Frederick the Great, Catherine the Great, and Joseph II are good examples of Enlightened Despots. Frederick II (Frederick the Great), the most famous Prussian absolute monarch and a military genius, pursued an aggressive foreign policy. In 1740 he seized from Austria the province of Silesia. His action culminated in a major European
Enlightenment Ideas and Political Figures of The Enlightenment Era The Enlightenment of the 18th century was an exciting period of history. For the first time since ancient Grecian times, reason and logic became center in the thoughts of most of elite society. The urge to discover and to understand replaced religion as the major motivational ideal of the age, and the upper class social scene all over Europe was alive with livid debate on these new ideas. A French playwright who went by the