1.0 INTRODUCTION Fungus exists in a form of mycelium or can occur as sclerotia, a resistant structure. The production of additional hyphae and asexual spores, conidia are due to the germination of the sclerotia. The product then will be freely introduced in the soil, water and air. Fungi that are being introduced into body of water which subsequently change the taste and odours of the drinking water. Drinking of the infected water will cause fungal infections in human. Despite through water, human
The aims of this study were to measure the physicochemical properties of miconazole nitrate (MCZ : a brand-name (MCZ-A) and three generic (MCZ-B, -C, and -D)) creams, to conduct human sensory testing of those creams. The flattening, viscoelasticity, and water content of each cream were measured and each cream was subjected to near-infrared (NIR) absorption spectroscopy and sensory testing. The yield value was calculated based on measured flattening and was 734.8 dynes/cm2 for MCZ-A, 1198.9 dynes/cm2
ASSIGNMENT # 1: GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF MICROBIOLOGY 1. Describe the components of the bacterial cell envelope and the primary function of each. The innermost layer of the bacteria cell envelope is the cell membrane. It is a typical phospholipid bilayer, as is found in animal cells. The primary function of the cell membrane is energy production and active transport. The next layer is the cell wall. It is made of N-acetyl glucosamine and N-acetyl muramic acid. Amino acids keep the cell wall together
1. Describe the mode of actions of the drugs that interfere with protein synthesis. Antimicrobial drugs that block protein synthesis react with ribosomal-mRNA complexes. These drugs are safe only because bacterial ribosomes are different in size and structure compared to human ribosomes, however, they can damage human mitochondria since they can contain ribosomes like bacterial ribosomes. 2. Name and describe the actions of the aminoglycoside subgroup. Aminoglycosides are broad-spectrum drugs
Candida albicans is a harmless commensal yeast which becomes pathogenic when environmental changes trigger the virulence factors of the organism. Hence Candida species are opportunistic pathogens in susceptible individuals. Oral infection caused by C. albicans known as oral candidiasis or candidosis. However, C. albicans exist in the mouths of 80% of healthy individuals. Any alteration in the environment of oral cavity can change the presence of candida from commensal to pathogenic. This translation
Antimicrobial agents are essential in healthcare today, because they are used to treat diseases and infections that has a negative impact on the human body. Without antimicrobial agents, there would be a tremendous increase in the prevalence of death related to diseases and infections. “An antimicrobial is an agent that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms. The microbial agent may be a chemical compounds and physical agents. These agents interfere with the growth and reproduction of causative
Canada population and the only topical antifungal that has been approved in Canada in order to treat onychomycosis. Subissi et. al (2010), stated that the mechanism of action of ciclopirox is varied from other topical anti fungal that act through ergosterol inhibition. This unique and the level mechanism of action has give a very low potential for the resistance development in pathogenic fungi. MECHANISM OF ACTION Ciclopirox acts differently with more complex mechanism of action as it is free acid
syringe and 1.2 million units/2mL syringe. The microorganisms that can be resistant to Penicillin G are penicillinase-producing bacteria (some strains of staphylococci) Amphotericin B The mechanism of action for Amphotericn B is that it binds with ergosterol to form a transmembrane that turns to monovalent ion leakage... ... middle of paper ... ...lized. The microorganisms that can be sensitive to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole are gram negative and gram positive bacteria. Treatment dosage for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
an American physician called Alfred Fabian Hess suggested rickets could be treated and prevented by giving all infants in New York City cod ... ... middle of paper ... ...eals and milk supplements with Vitamin D2 or the precursor molecule, ergosterol; as well as ensuring pregnant women take Vitamin D supplements whilst pregnant and breastfeeding, in order to ensure that they will have higher concentrations of Vitamin D in their breast milk and circulating blood. In conclusion, rickets is a non-fatal
Terbinafine Hydrochloride: Effectively Treating Fungal Problems Abstract Lamisil, which is chemically terbinafine hydrochloride, is the premier antifungal drug on the market. It effectively destroys fungal problems ranging from athlete’s foot to onychomycosis. However, Lamisil has a number of problems associated with it, including cost, side effects, and even effectiveness. Therefore, I created two analogs in an attempt to improve Lamisil, which I will discuss in my paper. Plenty of fungal
Vitamin D (Calciferol) is a fat soluble steroid prohormone that was first identified as a vitamin in the 20th century (Holicks, et al, 2011 ). It has two major forms- D2(ergocalciferol) and D3 (cholecalciferol) (Holicks et al, 2011, BMJ). The sources of vitamin D in human include sunlight (80-90%) and dietary source (10-20%) (Mithal et al, 2009). Dietary sources of vitamin D includes – salmon, canned fishes (sardines, tuna, mackerel) , cod liver oil, shitake mushroom, egg yolk, fortified mils and
How to Treat Prion Diseases Abstract Scientists are stumped as to the development and nature of proteinaceous infectious particles. Neither virus nor bacteria, these prions, are believed to cause transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE), rare diseases said to be 100% fatal, without possessing nucleic acids. Their unhindered growth is thought to be the cause for bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), or Mad Cow Disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob (CJD), scrapie and other TSE, diseases characterized
What Are The Major Components of Biological Membranes And How Do They Contribute To Membrane Function?. Summary. The role of the biological membrane has proved to be vital in countless mechanisms necessary to a cells survival. The phospholipid bilayer performs the simpler functions such as compartmentation, protection and osmoregulation. The proteins perform a wider range of functions such as extracellular interactions and metabolic processes. The carbohydrates are found in conjunction with both
experiment that included a group of scientists curing dogs affected with rickets by feeding cod liver oil to them.1 2. The chemical characteristics and qualities of the nutrient • Vitamin D2 (cholecalciferol) originates from the yeast and plant sterol, ergosterol.3 • Vitamin D3 (ergocalciferol) originates from 7-dehydrocholesterol, a precursor of cholesterol when synthesized in the skin.3 • Vitamin D is derived from a steroid; the structure retains its numbering from the parent compound cholesterol.3 • Name
Tabatha Gormley Lauren Palek English 122:015 April 16, 2014 The significance of animal companions has been explored for many years, but has it been truly utilized? This research paper will explore this question through analyzing numerous studies done regarding the benefits and negative impacts an animal companion can have on a human’s life. The paper initially opens with a first-hand account of how animals can positively affect someone’s life, before it briefly proves animals were seen as companions