INTEGRATED CIRCUITS 1. INTRODUCTION An integrated Circuit also known as an IC or a chip, is a set of electronic circuits and components containing many diodes, transistors and resistors etc fabricated on a small plate of semiconducting material like silicon. Actually it s a miniaturized form of electronic circuit. It is called as an ‘integrated circuit’ as all the components and circuits including base material are etched in a small piece of semiconducting plate. Its not like an assembled device
system; it only used for accessories. Inside the instrument cluster, the VSS generating circuit is configured to be a “open collector/drain”. This means the circuit switches between the GND and Open Circuit (Hi-Z) states. This circuit configuration is not able to be reliably detected in all cases by the current 57A-02360 without modification; an additional resistor (pull-up resistor) is needed to complete the circuit. When the VSS wire is pre-installed and is connected to other Nissan accessories, the
1. INTRODUCTION Today, thanks to the advancement in the field of electronics, most of the manually controlled systems are getting replaced with sophisticated electronic circuits with intelligent controlls. These circuits are capable of monitoring, analyzing and controlling the systems. In earlier days these electronic circuits were fabricated around discrete hardware components such as transistors, logic ICs etc that made the system bulky and costly. Also since the component count was more the failure
the following materials: • A Laser (with all hook-ups) • A signal generator • 2 Amplifier circuits • A photo-detector • An Oscilloscope (with hook-up cables) • A speaker • Soldering Iron for putting together circuits • Transformer Task 1 Construct one of the Amplifier circuits following directions and using the soldering iron. Connect battery and speaker to the circuit. Connect the amplifier circuit to the oscilloscope and signal generator. Connect the signal generator directly to the oscilloscope
A Brief History of Personal Computers The electronic computer is a relatively modern invention; the first fully operable computer was developed about 50 years ago, at the end of World War II, by a team at the University of Pennsylvania's Moore School of Engineering. This team was headed by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert, who named the new machine ENIAC, for Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator. ENIAC was hardly a personal computer, occupying a large room and weighing about 33 tons
Equivalent Circuit of a Single-Phase Transformer AIM --- To determine the approximate equivalent circuit of a single-phase transformer. OBJECTIVE --------- To write up a lab report that will determine the equivalent circuit of a single-phase transformer, using open load test, short circuit test and the load test. EQUIPMENT --------- · TecQuipment electrical machines teaching unit NE8010 or NE8013 · B-phase transformer (EMTU-TT01) · Feedback electronic wattmeter
mathematical background of the modulation process. Furthermore, it will enumerate some of the advantages of FM over other forms of modulation, namely AM. Finally, the paper will discuss the design of a basic FM receiver as well as introduce some circuits and circuit components which the reader may not be familiar with. Introduction Frequency modulation (FM) was invented in 1936 by an American electrical engineer/ inventor named Edwin H. Armstrong. Possessing numerous advantages over the existing AM broadcasting
sequencers, synthesisers, and samplers, but it also includes mixers, tape recorders, effects generators, guitars, drum kits, wind instruments etc. The MIDI Standard was designed in the early 80's by a partnership between Roland and Sequential Circuits, two of the largest synthesiser manufactures of the time. This came about because of pressure from keyboard players, who wanted a universal interface standard for all their synthesisers to comply to. They were fed up with different synthesiser
to implement a national identification card. The proposed national identification cards would include features such as magnetic stripes, holograms, and integrated circuits. “This magnetic stripe is expected soon to contain a digitized fingerprint, retina scan, voice print, and other biometric identifiers, and it will leave an electronic trail every time you use it”(1). I feel that since September 11, 2001, many Americans feel insecure and unsafe. Research done by the Pew Research Center shows that
intelligent, today’s robots are doing more and more of the things that humans can’t or don’t want to do and in many cases taking away the need for human labor. The invention of transistors and integrated circuits I the nineteen fifties and sixties, made robotics possible. Compact, reliable electronics and a growing computer industry added “intelligence” to the strength of already existing machines. In nineteen fifty-nine, researchers demonstrated the possibility of robotic manufacturing when they showed
Circuit City - Internet Business Strategy Introduction In the fifty years since Circuit City opened its first store, the company has become one of the best-known sources of consumer electronics in the world. Today Circuit City boasts over 600 stores and more than 50,000 associates. The company consistently strives to offer low, competitive prices, high service standards, and a wide selection of products to meet consumer needs. Circuit City has long prided itself on the outstanding shopping
often think about the people that made this technology possible. Throughout history, there have been only a handful of persons that have truly altered the way in which a society operates and lives. Jack Kilby’s invention of the monolithic integrated circuit, or better known as the microchip, gave birth to a new technological field of modern microelectronics. His ingenious work at Texas Instruments over forty-five years ago, was a breakthrough that has led to the “sophisticated high-speed computers and
Semiconductors: The Silicon Chip Silicon is the raw material most often used in integrated circuit (IC) fabrication. It is the second most abundant substance on the earth. It is extracted from rocks and common beach sand and put through an exhaustive purification process. In this form, silicon is the purist industrial substance that man produces, with impurities comprising less than one part in a billion. That is the equivalent of one tennis ball in a string of golf balls stretching from the earth
ASSIGNMENT # 1 In telecommunications, switching refers to the process in which digital electronics and computerized control are used to connect the circuits of the telephone for the purpose of making the telephone calls There are two types of switching 1. Packet Switching 2. Circuit Switching. Packet Switching: What is packet? Packets are the blocks or groups of data to be transmitted regardless of the data structure and data type. Methodology: In packet switching the data which is to be transmitted
person turns out." With the knowledge of where certain brain circuits are that control different skills, parents and teachers can provide significant help in a child's knowledge development. For example scientists know that basic language skills are located in the brains left hemisphere. So certain factors can come in to play. But in others, like the hemispherectomy patients it is possible to learn left hemisphere tasks in the right. Circuits of simple words begin to be wired by the age of one. The more
Precursor”, beside the world system there were subsystems which were not “depending on each other for common survival in the thirteenth century”. There were three big circuits: Westers European, Middle Eastern, Far Eastern. “At that times the strongest centres and circuits were located in the Middle East and Asia. In contrast the European circuit was an upstart newcomer that for several early centuries was only tangentially and weakly linked to the core of the world system as it had developed between the
Circuits, what is up with that? First you need to understand how all the parts of a circuit relate. The main thing that a circuit has is conductance and that all the parts are conductors. Conductors are materials in which electric charges move freely. If the material isn't a conductor, it is either a insulator or a semiconductor. Conductors are mainly metalic substances such as copper, aluminum, and gold. Conductors allow a charge to build up and move "freely" through the conductor. When dealing
is a property of an electrical circuit that opposes the flow of current. Resistance involves collisions of the current-carrying charged particles with fixed particles that make up the structure of the conductor. Resistance is often considered as localized in such devices as lamps, heaters and resistors in which it predominates, although it is a characteristic of every part of a circuit, including connecting wires and electric transmission lines. In circuits where the current (I) and voltage
set up a circuit to find out how length and cross sectional area affect resistance. I will need the following components in my circuit to gather all of the necessary results: · Component holder- So I can change the wire that I am testing. · Voltmeter- Measuring potential difference across the wire, it will have to be across the wire and not just anywhere in the circuit so it is measuring the P.D across the wire I am testing only. · Ammeter - measuring current of the circuit, with his
Investigating How Different Lengths of Wire Affect the Resistance in a Circuit Hypothesis: I predict that; the longer the wire, the more resistance there will be. So if the length of the wire were to double, so would the resistance. The reason for my prediction is: The flow of electrons is called a current, the electrons are constantly hitting atoms, which causes resistance. If the same amount of current is passed through a longer piece of wire, there will be more collisions, hence more