Similar to TarLab osmolarity test, the InflammaDry test is quick to perform which measures and monitors a tear film component indicative of dry eyes. Elevated levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), which is a marker for inflammation found in the tears of a dry eye can be detected by inflammaDry. In the normal tear film, the level of MMP-9 is normally between 3 and 40 ng/mL. Greater level than 40 ng/mL indicates ocular surface inflammation. However as this is a nonspecific marker of inflammation
Cutaneous membrane also know as the skin. The cutaneous membrane actually has a surface area of over 20 feet and is actually an organ, comprised of all four tissue types, epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous. Because of this and having several accessory organs, the Cutaneous membrane is considered to be an organ system. The cutaneous membrane is comprised of three different layers, the epidermis, the dermis, and the hypodermis, each with their own purpose and characteristics. The epidermis
What is Keratosis Pilaris? By Susha Cheriyedath, MSc Keratosis pilaris is a very common skin condition in which keratin forms hard plugs in the hair follicles. It is an inherited disorder running in families with a 1 in 2 chance of each child inheriting it from an affected parent. Keratosis pilaris is not infectious. Keratin is a natural protein present in the outer portion of the skin. There are many different types of keratin such as A-keratin and B-keratin. These keratins help build different
In this essay I am going to talk about the lungs and the stages of their embryonic development. I chose the lungs because they are one of the most important organs for survival -they supply oxygen to cells and release carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. This essay will mostly focus on the different stages of the lung development- the embryonic, the pseudoglandular, the canalicular, the terminal sac, and the postnatal stage. The successful maturation of the lungs requires the completion of both biochemical
In Chapter 6 we learn about the Integumentary System. The discussion on the integumentary system will include the skin and subcutaneous tissues, hair, nails, and cutaneous glands and disorders of the skin. Skin is the organ that covers our internal organs and tissues. It provides for the sense of touch, helps to protect us from invading bacteria and infections, aids in regulating our internal body temperature and water balance and, with the help of the sun, provides us with Vitamin D, which is
INTEGUMENT AND ITS DERIVATIVES Integument is the outer protective covering of the body which includes skin and all the structures derived from it. The integumentary system is the largest organ system of the body. The integumentary system has a variety of functions. It may function as water proof, cushion, and provides protection to the deeper tissues, regulate temperature, excretes waste and is the site of sensory receptor for pain, pressure and
Jennifer Bates Epidermolysis Bullosa University of Southern Indiana Epidermolysis Bullosa Epidermolysis Bullosa is an umbrella term for a group of skin disorders that involve fragile skin and mucosa that blister for no apparent reason. These skin disorders are passed down genetically (Sarkar, Bansal, Garg, 2011). Epidermolysis is a rare disease but there have been many efforts of research to help aid in the prevention and management of this disease. Clinical Manifestations
Integument simply means the natural covering of the body and it is made up of skin, hair, and nails. Not only is the skin the largest organ in the body but it is also the most visible organ system. Its purpose is to shield the human body from substances in the outside world that could be harmful. The skin is also the only thing that is double the weight of the brain or liver. There are four functions of the integumentary system: sensation, protection, thermoregulation, and secretion. Sensation detect
Biology Assignment 1. Tissue types and their properties! Body tissues! The four core types of tissues in the body are; epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous. Each is designed for specific functions. Epithelial Tissues! Epithelial tissues are spread out all over the body. They cover all surfaces and also line body cavities and hollow organs. These tissues are also the major tissue in glands. Epithelial tissues have many functions including secretion, protection, excretion, diffusion, absorption
Skin optics Introduction Human skin is a multi-layered structure. It is generally divided into two layers, the epidermis and the dermis. Below the dermis a subcutaneous fat layer is found. The epidermis can be further divided into several sub-layers. These are the stratum corneum, the stratum lucidum, the stratum granulosum, the stratum spinosum, and the stratum germinativum. The stratum germinativum is usually referred to as the basal layer. Skin optics is the manner in which skin reflects
The integumentary system is an organ system that is often overlooked when compared to other major organ systems. The importance of the integumentary system and its role in thermoregulation and its first line protection for the body is of utmost importance. The integumentary system includes the following organs: skin, hair, nails, and exocrine glands. Skin is a very large organ, and is the most important organ of the integumentary system. The surface area of skin is about 20 square feet, and weighs
Shigella flexneri Shigella flexneri, a facultative anaerobe belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae, is a Gram-negative rod that is the causative agent of diarrhea and dysentery in humans. Potentially life-threatening, S. flexneri's effects include bacteremia, hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and toxic megacolon (4). The principle disease of diarrhea and dysentery caused by this pathogen is known as shigellosis. 10-100 organisms are sufficient to cause disease, and transmission is generally
secrete into the blood stream. Exocrine glands have ducts. Unicellular is one cell (like goblet cells) and is exocrine. Multicellular has many cells and is exocrine also (like sweat glands or salivary glands). The structural types of glandular epithelium are either simple (one duct) or compound (more than one duct). There are three types of glandular secretion: merocrine, apocrine, and holocrine. Merocrine has a fluid product which secretes through the membrane of the cell. It is found in the
locations within the body (Amsel, 2012). The two types of epithelial tissue are (1) covering and lining epithelium and (2) glandular epithelium. The covering and lining epithelium are found lining the integumentary, digestive, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems as well as the ventral body cavity and the organs this cavity houses (Hoehn, et al., 2007, p. 118). The glandular epithelium is found within the glands of the entire human body. Not only are their two types of epithelial tissue found
Intramembranous ossification is the process in which the flat bones of the cranium ad clavicles are made. This type of ossification is broken up into several different steps. In each of these steps, there are various types of cells that do unique things to aid in ossification. All of these different cells stem from one cell known as a Mesenchymal cell. This cell is a type of stem cell that can differentiate into all of the different connective tissue cells. Differentiation is a characteristic of
Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium (White Skin): Vertical Section (Slide 7) List of Tissue: This section shows white skin which is composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. The structures of the white skin includes the keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, merocrine sweat glands, apical (free) surface, basal membrane, sebaceous gland, dense irregular connective tissue, collagen fibers in bundles, a blood vessel, and nuclei of the epithelium. Description of the tissues:
This essay will start by covering several facts about the functions, layers, skin appendages, and cells found in the human skin. Then it will discuss how the skin is altered in the diseased state and several different signs that give indication of the skin being in the diseased state. Next the essay will cover symptoms associated with acne vulgaris. Lastly it will go over treatments for acne vulgaris which include diet and/or medicines. The functions, layers, skin appendages, and cells found in
Cilia are very important eukaryotic cellular organelles. They are short, hair like projections arising from a cell body that is relatively much larger in size than the cilia itself. In the unicellular animals, cilia are used for locomotion, however, in more complex animals like mammals, cilia have much more specialized functions. Cilia are now classified in to three types: the motile cilia, primary cilia and the nodal cilia. The motile cilia are present in epithelial cell surfaces of the trachea
In this discussion post, I'll discuss how the structure of the epidermis and dermis contribute to their functions. I'll also describe all the structures of each and describe how each structure contributes to the function of their respective tissue layer. The epidermis and dermis are tissue layers that make up the skin (integument) covering the body. The layers (strata) of the epidermis range from four to five, depending on where they are on the body; and are classified into two types of skin: thin
Laminin 332 Laminin 332 is present in the BMZ of nearly all epithelial tissues in the human body [140]. Furthermore, laminin 332 is the main component found at the upper lamina densa/lamina lucida border at the base of the anchoring filaments [120]. Mutations in laminin 332 are linked to a condition that causes skin fragility and severe blistering, which is known as junctional epidermolysis bullosa [141-143]. Moreover, the absence of laminin 332 expression considerably disrupts the epidermal adhesion