The Oesophagus The oesophagus (gullet) is the tube through which food and drink pass from the back of the throat to the stomach. It lies in the back of the chest just in front of the spine. The outer muscular layers of the oesophagus move fluid or food towards the stomach. At the lower end there is a muscular valve which prevents stomach acid from entering the gullet from below. The cancer arises
Heartburn During Pregnancy Heartburn is a type of pain or discomfort that can happen in the throat or chest. It is often described as a burning sensation. Heartburn is common during pregnancy because: • A hormone (progesterone) released during pregnancy may relax the valve (lower esophageal sphincter, or LES) that separates the esophagus from the stomach. This allows stomach acid to move up into the esophagus, causing heartburn. • The uterus gets larger and pushes up on the stomach, which pushes
GERD stands for gastroesophageal reflux disease. This happens when acid from your stomach backs up into your esophagus. The acid backs up when the muscle around the bottom of the lower esophagus (lower esophageal sphincter) either becomes weak or does not close normally and the acid leaks out. As the acid backwashes into the esophagus the lining in the lower esophagus can become irritated an start to become narrow (esophageal stricture) as well as sores can form which causes bleeding (esophageal
Jerry Sanders is perceived to be a very intelligent, persistent man who started off as a young entrepreneur who lost over a half a million dollars to being a very prosperous businessperson (Harvard, 1). Jerry Sanders is a prime example for many entrepreneurs who fail but always push for more in order to be successful. Sanders story begins with his experience in being in the Israel Defense Forces as a Naval Commandos, who similarly like the Navy Seals. While being discharged from his position, Sanders
per 100,000, and among black females was 40.4 per 100,000; however, the morta... ... middle of paper ... ...de, T. W., Kiefe, C. I., & Liu, K. (2007). Relationships between skin color, income, and blood pressure among african americans in the CARDIA study. American Journal of Public Health, 97(12), 2253-2259. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hch&AN=28073645&site=ehost-live Tomson, J., & Lip, G. Y. H. (2005). Blood pressure demographics: Nature or nurture …
Gastric cancer, also commonly referred to as stomach cancer, is a devastating malady that has a 75% fatality rate.1 Worldwide, gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality.2 It is fifth most predominant cancer throughout the world,1 and is it ranks third in deaths attributed to cancer.3 People from Eastern Asia, such as China, Japan and Korea, have a higher chance of getting gastric cancer compared to the rest of the world, and the lowest incidence rates are reported from the Eastern
about fast food that contributes to its poor side is its unhealthiness. The scientific findings and corresponding public health implications of the association between fast food consumption and weight gain are critical. The American Population Study Cardia suggests that frequent fast food consumption is associated with weight gain. People who eat fast food two or more times a week are likely to gain 4.5kg more weight than people who only have one fast food meal per week. Frequent fast food consumption
to fight for their basic right and eliminate the wage gaps. The Second World War was a turning point for women workers: “The general belief is that WWII had an important impact on the participation of women in the labor market” (Bellow and Cardia 2). Before the World War II, a woman’s contributions were
FAST FOOD DISADVANTAGES Fast food first introduced in the 1950s in the United States. Fast food takes low prepation time .any meal which sold in restaurant or stores in a precooked and preheated form and served in a package form for take away / takes out to coustomers refers to as a fast food. Merriam–Webster in 1951 recognized as fast food. Fast food products cause a variety of health problems. Artificial ingrediants that are, high in sugar or fat are not meant to be eaten on a regular basis
issue of obesity itself. Furthermore, increasing evidence is showing that obesity is really the result of the true disease, including eating disorders and food addictions. Statistically, one study by “Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA)” (Tree.com) shows the alarming rise in fast food consumption over the last 2.5 decades, supporting available evidence that addiction is one of the key underlying issues. The potential scope of this problem touches nearly every demographic in society
Healthy food access has been an issue reported among people living in food deserts. A food desert is characterized as an area with a limited access to quality, low cost and nutritional rich foods. People in poorer economic neighborhoods purchase their groceries on a budget. Their budget determines how much food they can buy to last an entire month. The lack of grocery stores within neighborhoods affects the health of people within food deserts. A food desert is an area lacking grocery stores within
The Health Benefits of Vegetarianism Maintaining a well-balanced vegetarian diet is healthy and can be beneficial by reducing the risk of health diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases and obesity. Vegetarians are individuals who choose to abstain from eating foods derived from animals, such as meat, poultry, fish, and dairy products. This type of a diet is practiced for a variety of reasons, whether out of respect for animals and the environment, for the potentially healthier lifestyle
Nursing Diagnoses Impaired gas exchange related to loss of lung elasticity, overproduction of secretions, bronchoconstriction, and pulmonary-venous congestion, as evidenced by tachycardia, prolonged expiration, use of accessory muscles, anxiety, dyspnea, decreased PaO2, and increased Pa CO2. Plan of care: The nurse must continually assess Sharon’s work of breathing, lung sounds, and oxygenation on the monitor. A nasal cannula with and end-tidal CO2 connected to the monitor is a better indicator of
Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is the portal through which nutritive substances; vitamins, minerals and fluids enter the body. The digestive tract is more than 10 metres long from one end to the other. It is continuous starting from the mouth, passing through the pharynx and the oesophagus, to the stomach, the small and large intestines, ending in the rectum, and finally into the anus. The GI tract is divided into two main sections: the upper GI tract and the lower GI tract. Upper GIT includes the
In anatomy, sphincter is the name given to an annular muscle located in the orifice of a body cavity, and whose function is to open and close, preventing or allowing the passage of a substances (such as secretion) outside or into the cavity. This way, the sphincter may close to retain substances within the body or a specific body organ, or may open allowing these substances to pass from one organ to another, or to be expelled from the body. According to several specialized publications, there are
Digestion occurs in the gastrointestinal system, which is composed of the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) and the associated accessory organs. The process of digestion occurs through six steps, namely ingestion, secretion, mixing, digestion, absorption and defecation. (Tortora & Derrickson, 2008). Anatomy of the digestive system The GI tract is also called as the alimentary canal, which is essentially a long winding tube of approximately 30 feet (9 meters). The mouth, esophagus, pharynx, stomach
The world has become so fast paced that everything is rushed. Almost every aspect of life has become industrialized. Food and the way it is prepared is no exception to this world that always appears to be in fast forward. The fast food industry has revolutionized how and what people eat. The public has begun to consume more fast food and the problem is that people do not know what they are eating. If the concept of a nutritious meal is thrown out the window for the convenience of fast food then the
Sleep deprivation is often associated with the development of medical conditions, especially cardiovascular disease (CVD). As disturbance in sleep could cause deprivation and shorten one’s sleep duration, it is often taken into account when carrying out related studies. Short-term sleep deprivation not only raises blood pressure and produces stress hormones, but also leads to irregular heartbeats [1]. These major risk factors are precursors to coronary disease. In this essay, I will summarize the
image th... ... middle of paper ... ...en’s desire to be thin. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 17, 191-5. 7. Smith, DE, Thompson, JK, Raczynski, JM, Hilner, JE. (1999). Body image among men and women in a biracial cohort: the CARDIA study. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 25, 71-82. 8. Stevens, J., Kumanyika, SK, & Keil, JE. Attitudes toward body size and dieting: Differences between elderly black and white women. American Journal of Public Health, 84, 1322-5
Waking up to a hot cup of coffee, relishing the cool tingling sensation of a cola with your lunch, or relaxing in the afternoon over a cup of tea, all have similar ingredient caffeine. Caffeine has been consumed ever since the 2700 BC, with its conjunction in tea, for the Chinese Emperor Shen Nung. In 575 AD, the first use of coffee beans where in Africa where it was used as currency and food. Even more today, caffeine consumption has become an integral part of millions of people's daily lives. According