A Short History of the Basque Country Archaeological and ethnographic findings indicate that Basque [people] evolved from Cro-Magnon [...] in this area over a period dating from about 40,000 years ago until distinct features were acquired approximately 7,000 years ago. Two thousand years later the sheep, not native to these lands, was introduced and horse and cattle farming came into being, as shown by Adolf Staffe. These circumstances made it necessary for the people to travel periodically
Self-Determination in the Basque Country The Basques, settled on the Franco-Spanish border, are a people who do not have a country that exists as an entity of its own. They are not recognized internationally. Their borders are not respected, and their culture is repressed. Thus the history of the Basque Country is one of contentious protest against imposed conditions, unremitting effort in defense of its identity and a relentless search for a means of democratizing public life. They have
Basque Independence The Basque region is an area divided into three administrative units, the Basque Autonomous Community and Navarre in Spain, the arrondissement of Bayonne and the département of Pyrénées Atlantiques in France. The Basque area is unique in that as a mainly indigenous community the Basque people maintained autonomy much later than most of the other provinces and as such have kept a unique identity and culture that is distinct from the other regions of Spain, therefore there is a
The Basques and Their Claim to Nationhood Historical Background The Basque "nation" --for lack of a better word-- is composed of seven different "provinces" --for the lack of a better word-- four are located within the borders of Spain and three within those of France in the triangle formed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Garonne and Ebro rivers, as shown in the map below. Euskera-Herria, is the Basque name given to these seven provinces. The Basques are the descendants of the native inhabitants
In the article “Jihad vs. McWorld” written by Benjamin R. Barber, the main discussion is about the comparison of the Jihad world of “a threatened Lebanonization of national states in which culture is pitted against culture”(Barber, 1992, page 1) to the McWorld of economic and political globalization. This idea is based off of the concept of Barber stating that there are “2 possible political futures”(Barber, 1992, page 1); the idea of seperation for every nation to have its own state, and the idea
Basque Fatherland and Liberty, or Euskadi ‘ta Askatasuna in the native Basque language, is a nationalist movement based in the Basque provinces of northern Spain and southern France. Formed in 1959 as a resistance movement against the violent and repressive Franco dictatorship, Euskadi ‘ta Askatasuna known informally as ETA, sought to create a self-governed Basque homeland. As a genetically distinctive ethnic minority, the Basque people have their own language unrelated to any other European language
fill this job was Juan de Onate. Being of noble Basque blood it seems that Juan de Onate was destined to become someone of importance. It is said that the Basque people were "Hardy, self-reliant, and stubbornly strong" and "In New Spain won distinction as explorers, soldiers, and discoverers of mines on the frontier." Juan's father Cristobal de Onate was one of those Basque people described above. In 1546 Cristobal along with a few other Basque men discovered a silver mine in Mexico, but was
Ignatius was just adopted because people understood it better in France and and Italy. He was the youngest of thirteen kids. His mother died soon after his birth. He was raised by the local blacksmith’s wife. He got his surname of Loyola because of the Basque village of Loyola where he was born. Saint Ignatius also served in the military. He became a page in the service of a relative. Juan Velázquez de Cuéllar was the treasurer of the Kingdom of Castile. As a young man he had a great love for military
government and therefore in my case study of the Basques I will assess whether they have in my opinion been able to achieve this. Map of Basque regionThe Basque region consists of seven "herrialdes", or districts which, for political and administrative purposes, form part of two different more economically developed European countries: Araba, Bizkaia, Gipuzkoa and Nafarroa are in Spain, and Lapurdi, Zuberoa and Benafarroa are in France. Three of the Basque Country's seven historic territories, Araba
Captain America Comics functioning as World War II Propaganda Captain America is a comic book hero became familiar to most starting with the 2011 film, Captain America: The First Avenger, and then the rest of the Marvel Cinematic Universe, but the character of Captain America was created much earlier, in 1940, before the United States of America entered World War II. The cover the first issue of Captain America Comics has Captain America punching Adolf Hitler right in the face, a clearly pro-interventionist
Germany in the eighteenth century wasn 't really Germany like we see today. Instead Germany at this time was divided in many different states, where each state was ruled by a prince who decided the countries religion. People who did not accept the religion; and were caught, were often persecuted. During this time period people in Germany fled Germany in search of a better place with more freedom. People wanted the liberty to have their own religion, land, and basically a better life than the one
those individuals who recognizes themselves as members of a national community) the existence of their own nation presupposes the existence of other nations too. Moreover, as history and Ernest Gellner (1983, p. 58), teach us, the course of true nationalism never did run smooth. Thus, most of the nations existing today had to ght to secure their survival and to achieve their independence. For most national communities, there have been and there probably still are signi cant others, other nations
Nationalism proved to be very effective for the colonized people as it sparked up, in India, with the start of World War 1, and in Southeast Asia with the growth of Western political and economic interest. We hear about nationalism all the time, but I feel like not a lot of people know what it means. Britannica defines it as “An ideology based on the premise that the individual’s loyalty and devotion to the nation-state surpass other individual or group interests.” (Kohn). Nationalism helps a group
The Pledge of Allegiance in the Public System has become a major issue for students, teachers and lawmakers. The original intention of The Pledge of Allegiance was not to stir up trouble but to express patriotism and pride for one’s country. The Pledge of Allegiance is no longer seen as patriotism, but is now a burden to children’s religious beliefs and a mockery to the families of fallen soldiers. We have our United States soldiers risking their lives to protect us, the U.S. citizens. With the various
The gorgeous mosaic and the melting pot are two different theories about the United States. America is mostly considered a melting pot because the people (despite their differences), manage to coexist and live together as one nation. America is a nation of diverse cultures assimilated into one. A mosaic is different in that it is a picture created by diverse cultures Although our country is known to be very diverse, in a melting pot, everyone shares the same culture. Since we all share the same
Bobby Orr Bobby Orr did not look like anything out of the ordinary in appearance, he was of small to medium height, had brown hair (now grey), originally short, but let to grow), and was bulky. He also had brown eyes. He was a normal kid to see, that is until number 4 Bobby Orr, stepped out onto the ice! Bobby Orr was born in Parry Sound, Ontario in 1948 and grew up in parry sound until the age of 14 when he joined the Oshawa Generals wearing number 2. He first skated at the age of four
National Duty When is it OK to disobey orders? At what point does duty come second to personal feelings and opinion? Is it acceptable to set aside your national duties and lend a helping hand your fellow man? Comparing the short story "Guests of the Nation" to the play "The Rising of the Moon" we find that both authors view these questions differently. We as readers are given two different situations where the main characters are each faced with a difficult choice. The characters will have to
The Pledge of Allegiance is a saying most of us learn, memorize, and recite as a child. However, many of the students don’t give much thought to the meaning and depth of the words in the Pledge of Allegiance. The Pledge dates back to 1892, according to USHistory.org, and though the words have been changed and altered over the years, its general meaning stays the same. The Pledge of Allegiance’s lyrics hold much meaning to me, the meanings of which I will be presenting piece by piece. The first
The American Revolution gained momentum throughout the Colonies due to popular belief that Great Britain was a tyranny. Because of this, a revolution was founded on the idea of freedom. The founders envisioned a country where their “Constitutional and political freedoms” (“Road to Revolution”, 25:10) would not be threatened. Which they believed where endangered by British Parliament. Giving the revolution a conservative label. Conservative, meaning they were not an oppressed population revolting
In 2013, Charles Murray, an American political scientist, published his work, American Exceptionalism. In this 50 page treatise, Murray argues for an exceptional America countering the more prominent modernist views that America never was, and therefore is not, exceptional. Both sides of the debate are presented in this book, so that one can ascertain whether or not America was exceptional, despite Mr. Murray’s obvious slant to the former. What are Murray’s arguments for American exceptionalism,