Introduction The common fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has played an impactful role over the century as a model organism used for its versatility in biochemical research and the study of human genetics. This multicellular insect became an ideal organism to study due to its inexpensiveness, small size, short life cycle, genetic variability and low maintenance in laboratory settings. It was first introduced in publications during the 1900s where genetic analyses of mutations were studied to see
HSC are also considered to play a role in the genesis of portal hypertension upon contraction and causes a decrease in the diameter of the sinusoids. Several growth factors such as platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines are responsible for the activation of HSC. This results in increased synthesis and secretion of various ECM components. Myofibroblasts can amplify the processes of early fibrosis by paracrine recruitment
Regenerative Medicine- Introduction Though great progress has been made in medicine, current palliative treatments are unable to keep pace with patients’ needs. There are few effective ways to treat the root causes of many diseases. Regenerative medicine is a game-changing area of medicine with the potential to fully heal damaged tissues and organs, offering solutions and hope for people who have conditions that today are beyond repair. Regenerative Medicine takes 3 interrelated approaches- rejuvenation
coliforms. It is during the weaning that the composition is distinctly altered, and... ... middle of paper ... ...]. The specific protein export pathways and the general secretory pathway (GSP) are the two central forms of secretion pathways. GSP is an ATP dependent system, where the proteins are synthesized as preproteins, with the presence of a signal peptide in the N-terminal part of the amino acid sequence [26]. Nuclease is one of the acknowledged proteins secreted by members of the genus Lactobacillus
Title: Origin of Dog Domestication: How Dogs Evolved to Become Man’s Best Friend Background and rationale: Dogs as a man’s best friend has been a prevalent view point among modern day humans, and some even accept it as fact. However, the genetics behind what makes dogs so compatible with mankind, and the history of domestication are not well known to most. The time of divergence, and geographic origin of dog domestication has been greatly debated, though many firmly believe they are of Asian origin
Stargardt disease or also known as fundus flavimaculatus, is an inherited form of macular degeneration that causes vision loss in an accelerated way usually to the point of legal blindness. Macular degeneration is caused by “the deterioration of the central portion of the retina, the inside back layer of the eye that records the images one sees and sends them via the optic nerve from the eye to the brain. The retinas central portion, known as the macula, is responsible for focusing central vision
The brain is permeated by a vast network of tiny blood vessels called capillaries- so tiny and thin that blood cells have to pass through in single file. In the brain alone there are enough capillaries that if you laid them all out end to end they would stretch from Tucson to Tijuana. These capillaries are surrounded by a single layer of cells. That layer of cells forms a barrier between the capillaries and the cells and fluid of the brain. These barrier-forming cells are called "endothelial
Side Populations (SPs): Identification of CSCs is widely done by the side population approach which involves elimination of Hoechst 33342. Hoechst 33342, a fluorescent DNA-binding dye, preferentially binds to A-T rich regions of tumourigenic cells. These SPs express high levels of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily (e.g. MDR1, MRP1, ABCB5, ABCG2) that facilitates the efflux of this dye and other drugs (Zhang et al., 2009).