Despite the increased focus by research and industry toward improving security of our cyber infrastructures, today the protection of data, entrusted to enterprise information systems, is more challenging than ever. There are several factors underlying this trend. Data security concerns are evolving. In addition to the traditional requirements of data confidentiality, integrity and availability, new requirements are emerging such as data quality (P. Missier,2003) completeness, timeliness, and provenance. In particular, it is important that data be complete, correct, and up-to-date with respect to the external world. The increasing quality of data will make data more valuable. Highly valuable data increases the potential to be gained from unauthorized access and the potential damage that can be done if the data is corrupted. The amount of data is increasingly large: “It is estimated that the amount of information in the world is doubling every 20 months, and the size and number of databases are increasing even faster” (R.Agawal, 2002)). Therefore, protection mechanisms must be able to scale well. We see increasing disintermediation in data accesses. The intermediate information processing steps typically carried out by corporate employees such as typing an order received over the phone are removed. Users who are outside the traditional corporate boundary can have direct and immediate online access to business information which pertain to them. In a traditional environment, any access to sensitive information is through employees. Although employees are not always reliable, at least they are known, their access to sensitive data is limited by their function, and employees violating access policies may be subject to disciplinary actio...
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... devised and integrated with processing techniques for continuous queries. Finally, the privacy of user location data, acquired from sensors and communication
networks, must be assured.
• Database survivability
This is an important topic which has been largely unexplored, despite its relevance. Survivability refers to the ability of the database system to continue its functions, may be with reduced capabilities, despite disruptive events, such as information warfare attacks. To date, issues related to database survivability have not been investigated much. (Liu, 2002) has proposed four database architectures for intrusion-tolerant database systems that focus on the containment of malicious transactions. Even though this is an important initial step, much more research needs to be devoted to techniques and methodologies assuring database system survivability.
Y. Gertner, Y. Ishai, E. Kushilevitz, and T. Malkin. Protecting data privacy in private information retrieval schemes. In
Privacy Preserving Data Mining (PPDM) was proposed by D. Agrawal and C. C. Agrawal [1] and by Y. Lindell and B. Pinkas [5] simultaneously. To address this problem, researchers have since proposed various solutions that fall into two broad categories based on the level of privacy protection they provide. The first category of the Secure Multiparty Computation (SMC) approach provides the strongest level of privacy; it enables mutually distrustful entities to mine their collective data without revealing anything except for what can be inferred from an entity’s own input and the output of the mining operation alone by Y. Lindell and B. Pinkas in [5], J. Vaidya and C.W.Clifton in [6]. In principle, any data mining algorithm can be implemented by using generic algorithms of SMC by O.Goldreich in [7].However, these algorithms are extraordinarily expensive in practice, and impractical for real use. To avoid the high computational cost, various solutions those are more efficient than generic SMC algorithms have been proposed for specific mining tasks. Solutions to build decision trees over the horizontally partitioned data were proposed by Y. Lindell and B. Pinkas in [5]. For vertically partitioned data, algorithms have been proposed to address the association rule mining by J. Vaidya and C.W.Clifton in [6], k-means clustering by J. Vaidya and C. Clifton in[8], and frequent pattern mining problems by A.W.C. Fu, R.C.W. Wong, and K. Wang in [9]. The work of by B. Bhattacharjee, N. Abe, K. Goldman, B. Zadrozny, V.R. Chillakuru, M.del Carpio, and C. Apte in [10] uses a secure coprocessor for privacy preserving collaborative data mining and analysis. The second category of the partial information hiding approach trades pr...
We now accept the sharing and digital storage of our personal information as a necessary evil. We continue to incorporate, into our lives, technology that uses this data. Microsoft and Google are envisioning and developing ways to commercialize the use of even more of our stored personal information.
One of the biggest problems that affect everyone is data aggregation. The more the technology develop, the powerful and dangerous it gets. Today there are many companies that aggregate a lot of information about us. Those companies gathering our data from different sources, which create a detailed record about us. Since all services have been computerized whether it is handled directly or indirectly through computers, there is no way to hide your information. We used computers, because they are faster, better, and accurate more that any human being. It solved many problems; however, it created new ones. Data does not means anything if it stands alone, because it is only recoded facts and figure, yet when it organized and sorted, it become information. These transformed information. Data aggregation raises many questions such as, who is benefiting from data aggregation? What is the impact on us (the users)? In this paper I will discuses data aggregation and the ethics and legal issues that affect us.
Security helps the organization meet its business objectives or mission by protecting its physical and financial resources, reputation, legal position, employees, and other tangible and intangible assets through the selection and application of appropriate safeguards. Businesses should establish roles and responsibilities of all personnel and staff members. However, a Chief Information Officer should be appointed to direct an organization’s day to day management of information assets. Supporting roles are performed by the service providers and include systems operations, whose personnel design and operate the computer systems. Each team member must be held accountable in ensuring all of the rules and policies are being followed, as well as, understanding their roles, responsibilities and functions. Organizations information processing systems are vulnerable to many threats that can inflict various types of damage that can result in significant losses (Harris, 2014). Losses can come from actions from trusted employees that defraud the system, outside hackers, or from careless data entry. The major threat to information protection is error and omissions that data entry personnel, users, system operators and programmers make. To better protect business information resources, organizations should conduct a risk analysis to see what
Successfully running a business or organization requires mastering the four primary functions of managing. The four functions of management are planning, organization, leading and controlling. I manage a flourishing online shoe store (www.myhoodjapan.com), and each of these functions is important to my stores success. This paper will define the functions, and will explain how each relates to my Organization.
Q1) there are four basic pillars to knowledge management, in knowledge management in order, to be successful all four pillars must be integrated and implemented within the company. The four pillars of knowledge management are Leadership, Organization, Technology, and lastly Learning. Each of these pillars plays a very important role in knowledge management because if a company does not implement one of these they might or might not be successful in the long run.
The world erupted in outrage following revelations by Edward Snowden regarding the extent of surveillance perform by the National Security Agency. Privacy becomes one of the hottest topic of 2013 and was chosen by the world’s most popular online dictionary, Dictionary.com, as the Word of the Year. However, the government is not the only one that conduct data gathering and surveillance. Employers often monitor their employees, and businesses collect data on theirs customer. The morality of these practices is a topic that generates heated debate.
[5] J.S. Fulda. Data Mining and Privacy. In R. Spinello and H. Trvani, editors, Readings in CyberEthics, pages 413-417. Jones and Barlett, Sudbury MA, 2001.
Introduction With today’s rate of development in technology, there has also been an immense increase in global information sharing. Innovations in technology and design seem to be emerging in the market almost every month. One of the key aspects of any business is to gather, organize and efficiently apply this information. According to Antonic (2005), economic assets are fast becoming of secondary importance in the market as companies ascribe more importance to intellectual capital. With the right application of knowledge management methods, companies can achieve a competitive advantage by managing the immense amount of information available (Balanced Scorecard Institute, 2002).
Inconsistently storing organization data creates a lot of issues, a poor database design can cause security, integrity and normalization related issues. Majority of these issues are due to redundancy and weak data integrity and irregular storage, it is an ongoing challenge for every organization and it is important for organization and DBA to build logical, conceptual and efficient design for database. In today’s complex database systems Normalization, Data Integrity and security plays a key role. Normalization as design approach helps to minimize data redundancy and optimizes data structure by systematically and properly placing data in to appropriate groupings, a successful normalize designed follows “First Normalization Flow”, “Second Normalization Flow” and “Third Normalization flow”. Data integrity helps to increase accuracy and consistency of data over its entire life cycle, it also help keep track of database objects and ensure that each object is created, formatted and maintained properly. It is critical aspect of database design which involves “Database Structure Integrity” and “Semantic data Integrity”. Database Security is another high priority and critical issue for every organization, data breaches continue to dominate business and IT, building a secure system is as much important like Normalization and Data Integrity. Secure system helps to protect data from unauthorized users, data masking and data encryption are preferred technology used by DBA to protect data.
Pasher, E., & Ronen, T. (2011). The complete guide to knowledge management: A strategic plan to leverage your company 's intellectual capital. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley & Sons.
Privacy from governments has been under assault increasing amounts in the last 100 years. Technology has revolutionized the concept, as before we had microphones, telephones, wiretaps, video cameras, someone would actually need to trespass to violate your privacy. For example, you would need to actually be in someone?s house to eavesdrop on his or her conversation without technological help[1]. Privacy protection can be looked at as how far society can intrude into a person?s personal affairs.
In recent times we might consider that the right for privacy in one of our major achievements in our society. Unfortunately the same does not apply for the Internet. The Internet once considered a place for free information exchange and sharing, has the potential has becoming the biggest threat to its users. The commercialization of the Internet is one of the major reasons why the chances of a compromise of our privacy have increased. Customer profiling, address trading or simple lack of care with sensitive customer information are just some of the threats that this commercialization has bought to our ‘free’ Internet. Another reason being that with the increase of threats there is a regular change in technology to counter these threats. These changes make it harder for the already overstrained users to cope with the ever changing technology.
The study aims to find out how to apply Knowledge Management in the school environment. It also seeks to highlight the uses of Knowledge Management in education as well as its impacts on students and teachers. The study results show that Knowledge Management is a vital and effective tool in educational organizations and it can be applied in the school environment. It improves the decision-making process in schools and helps in customizing curricula, researches, and the costs of administrative and academic services, and reducing costs. Moreover, the study shows that Knowledge Management helps in the formation of relationships and finding out who is to be contacted for assistance and for promoting enthusiasm and career commitment.