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salient features of post colonial literature
features of postcolonial literature in contrast to colonial literature
salient features of post colonial literature
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Theory and Practice in Post-Colonial Literatures
Introduction
More than three-quarters of the people living in the world today have had their lives shaped by the experience of colonialism. It is easy to see how important this has been in the political and economic spheres, but its general influence on the perceptual frameworks of contemporary peoples is often less evident. Literature offers one of the most important ways in which these new perceptions are expressed and it is in their writing, and through other arts such as painting, sculpture, music, and dance that the day-to-day realities experienced by colonized peoples have been most powerfully encoded and so profoundly influential.
What are post-colonial literatures?
This book is concerned with writing by those peoples formerly colonized by Britain, though much of what it deals with is of interest and relevance to countries colonized by other European powers, such as France, Portugal, and Spain. The semantic basis of the term ?post-colonial? might seem to suggest a concern only with the national culture after the departure of the imperial power. It has occasionally been employed in some earlier work in the area to distinguish between the periods before and after independence (?colonial period? and ?post-colonial period?), for example, in constructing national literary histories, or in suggesting comparative studies between stages in those histories. Generally speaking, though, the term ?colonial? has been used for the period before independence and a term indicating a national writing, such as ?modern Canadian writing? or ?recent West Indian literature? has been employed to distinguish the period after independence.
We use the term ?post-co...
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...rad, Patrick White and Margaret Atwood?, World Literature Written in English 24, no. 2 (Autumn).
Campbell Praed (1981). Policy and Passion. London: Richard Bentley & Sons.
Howe, Joseph (1874). Poems and Essays. Montreal: Lovell.
Ngugi wa Thiong?o (1972). Homecoming: Essays on African and Caribbean Literature, Culture, and Politics. London: Heinemann.
Ngugi wa Thiong?o (1986). Writers in Politics. London: Heinemann.
Phillips, Arthur (1958). ?The cultural cringe?. The Australian Tradition: Studies in a Colonial Culture. Melbourne: Cheshire.
Said, Edward W. (1984). The World, the Text and the Critic. London: Faber.
Tiffin, Chris, ed. (1978). South Pacific Images. St Lucia, Queensland: SPACLALS.
Viswanathan, Gauri (1987). ?The beginnings of English literary study in British India?. Oxford Literary Review 9:1 & 2.
15. Burton, Richard D.E. Afro-Creole: Power, Opposition and Play in the Caribbean. (1997). Cornell University Press.
Postcolonial theory will be used throughout the essay defined as a theoretical approach that focuses on the part of the formerly colonized, the subaltern and the historically oppressed, using the prism of race and the historical context of colonialism, and analyzes or produces a critical commentary that serves as an act of cultural resistance to the domination of Euro‐American epistemic and interpretive schemes (Nayar, 2016:
Bibliography w/4 sources Cry , the Beloved Country by Alan Paton is a perfect example of post-colonial literature. South Africa is a colonized country, which is, in many ways, still living under oppression. Though no longer living under apartheid, the indigenous Africans are treated as a minority, as they were when Paton wrote the book. This novel provides the political view of the author in both subtle and evident ways. Looking at the skeleton of the novel, it is extremely evident that relationship of the colonized vs. colonizers, in this case the blacks vs. the whites, rules the plot. Every character’s race is provided and has association with his/her place in life. A black man kills a white man, therefore that black man must die. A black umfundisi lives in a valley of desolation, while a white farmer dwells above on a rich plot of land. White men are even taken to court for the simple gesture of giving a black man a ride. This is not a subtle point, the reader is immediately stricken by the diversities in the lives of the South Africans.
The works of Indian authors writing in English are often to be found on the best-seller list. They are also incurring and earning an immense amount of critical fame.
Elizabeth Bowen once said, “Art is one thing that can go on mattering once it has stopped hurting.(Bowen, Exploitation)” This rings true in terms of what art has done and continues to do for Caribbean peoples. In the Caribbean, art plays a very important and large role in the way people live their lives. In the days of slavery, art was used to help them cope with their daily traumas. Today, art is used to enhance and preserve Caribbean culture. Art has been used in multiple mediums to allow Caribbean people to express themselves, to challenge Western norms, and to showcase Caribbean culture. Through an analysis of music, dance, and celebration this essay will explore the ways in which Caribbean people resist, perform and represent the vibrant
Bradley, Heather M. "Conflicting Loyalties in 'A Far Cry from Africa'". Literature of the Caribbean. The Scholarly Technology Group, Washington and Lee University.
Ford, Boris, ed, The Pelican Guide to English Literature volume seven: The Modern Age, third edition, Penguin Books, Great Britain, 1973
Evans, Jennifer. "Cultures and Resistance." African Literature Today. Trenton, New Jersey: African World Press, 1987. pages
In the first two chapters the attitude of colonizers to the colonized is analyzed particularly by making use of ideas from Edward Said’s work Orientalism . Policies like ‘divide and rule’ which was aimed at creating a rift amongst the natives also is analysed by elaborating instances from the novel. Adichie, like all African writers, concentrate on the impact of colonization on the culture and mindset of people of the colonies. In Half of a Yellow Sun, several facets of the Nigeria-Biafra war, which had so far remained unveiled are brought to light. Adichie has given a faithful account of the crisis in her work Half of a
Indian literature in English which is accessible to us in the West, still has its roots in colonial literature and the tensions between East and West. A European naturalism is often present; a concern to posit India as an arena within which Western readers can identify realities is inherent within much of this writing. The following are three examples of the progression of post-Independence literature.
Richard Allen and Harish Trivedi(ed.), Literature and Nation: Britain and India (1800-1900).2001, Routledge, New York.
Edward W Said, the renowned author of Orientalism (1978) now expands his scope, which he admits was limited to the Middle East, in his book “Culture and Imperialism. In the introduction of the book, much like the rest of the book, he talks about colonialism and imperial in context of western literature written around 19th and 20th century. Showing the effects of imperialism and colonization, on the colonizer as well as the colonized, interpreted through the eyes of writers such as Charles Dickens in Great Expectations-- and Joseph Conrad in Nostromo(1904). One puts light on the United Kingdom and its relation with it colony of Australia, a classic example of colonialism. On the other hand Conrad in ‘Nostromo’ reflects on imperialism with the example of Central America which, while being an independent republic, was being dominated by outside forces because of economic and political interests. By presenting these two examples Said covers most of what the topic “culture and imperialism” is to him and his point of view, while including two of the biggest examples, in terms of nations and there influence on other regions, on the subject. Although the examples may be seen as few on a subject so vast, it in affect is enough for Edward to prove that much of western literature has taken its influence from the effects of decolonization as well as imperialism, also the resistance to both.
Every human being, in addition to having their own personal identity, has a sense of who they are in relation to the larger community--the nation. Postcolonial studies is the attempt to strip away conventional perspective and examine what that national identity might be for a postcolonial subject. To read literature from the perspective of postcolonial studies is to seek out--to listen for, that indigenous, representative voice which can inform the world of the essence of existence as a colonial subject, or as a postcolonial citizen. Postcolonial authors use their literature and poetry to solidify, through criticism and celebration, an emerging national identity, which they have taken on the responsibility of representing. Surely, the reevaluation of national identity is an eventual and essential result of a country gaining independence from a colonial power, or a country emerging from a fledgling settler colony. However, to claim to be representative of that entire identity is a huge undertaking for an author trying to convey a postcolonial message. Each nation, province, island, state, neighborhood and individual is its own unique amalgamation of history, culture, language and tradition. Only by understanding and embracing the idea of cultural hybridity when attempting to explore the concept of national identity can any one individual, or nation, truly hope to understand or communicate the lasting effects of the colonial process.
Having done the above analysis on my favourite text, “Anowa” by Ama Ataa Aidoo, I realise that my like for the text have heightened because the analysis of Anowa has given me a deeper understanding of Africa’s colonialism. I now know what actually led to our colonialisation (the betrayal) and how it began(the bond of 1844) through the personal lives of Anowa and Kofi.
Achebe's describes European writers as "living on the fringe of society" and by no means "in charge of anything." In great contrast, post colonial writers are direct links to the society that they write about and serve as leaders in charge of spreading the cultural knowledge of their people. Rather than honored for their detachment, they are revered for their attachment and presence in a world of written literature that is void by comparison to that of the European writings.