The Generation of Ozone for Water Purification in Third World Countries
Ozone is the O3 molecule formed through the combination of molecular and
atomic oxygen. It can be used to remove iron, pesticides, detergents, color, ammonia and
other nitrogen derivatives from water. Ozonation is a process used worldwide to render
water potable. Although using ozone for disinfection can be expensive and inconvenient,
it has, among others, the advantages of being widely effective, of adding oxygen to the
water, and of being sufficient, even in low concentrations (Evans 140).
The ozone used in ozonation can be produced through a variety of methods, the
most common of which include the application of ultraviolet light to pure or non-pure
oxygen; the silent electric discharge process, in which oxygen passes through a field of
high voltage alternating current; and the electrochemical process that occurs when current
is passed through water, causing the formation of hydrogen, oxygen, and ozone. (Evans
127).
Each of these methods for ozone production has drawbacks. The ultraviolet
irradiation technique includes all of the dangers normally associated with exposure to
ultraviolet light, and requires expensive equipment. The silent electric discharge process
generates so much heat that a method of controlling the temperature is necessary. Also,
this process is most efficient with clean, cool, dry air; the available air might not conform
to these specifications, requiring further action. The electrochemical process produces
tiny quantities of ozone in comparison to molecular oxygen, and is therefore unreliable.
(The electrochemical process can also be applied using sulfuric or perchloric acid, but
this method is obviously unsuitab...
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... acquire. Although the solution to the problem of providing drinkable water in remote
and disadvantaged locations is not clear cut, the use of ozone as a disinfectant is a
promising and intriguing technique.
Works Cited
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water. Alternative Disinfectants and
Oxidants Guidance Manual. United States, 1999.
Evans, Frances. Ozone in Water and Wastewater Treatment. Ann Arbor: Science
Publishers, 1972.
“Make some ozone.” BigClive.Com. 11 Dec. 2006
Rice, Rip G., and Aharan Netzer. Handbook of Ozone Technology and Applications:
Volume II: Ozone for Drinking Water Treatment. Boston: Butterworth
Publishers, 1984.
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). June 2004. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 11
Dec. 2006
- Helps decreases inflammation in the body, which helps to prevent diseases, build a strong immune system, and treat current disease
Affected places are often areas in cities that are either close to the city center or areas with small density of residents mostly due to the presence of industry.
The environment and the health of the surrounding population go hand in hand. The Environmental Protection Agency takes on this ever so important mission of protecting them both. The mission statement of the EPA states, “The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Small Business Programs is to support the protection of human health and the environment by advocating and advancing the business, regulatory, and environmental compliance concerns of small and socio-economically disadvantaged businesses, and minority academic institutions (US Enviromental Protection Agency, 2010).” The impact of its mission can be defined clearly as it examines the impact of contamination in the air, the water, and the land on human health.
It also helps in preventing heart disease and stroke by cleaning plaque in the arteries.
...disorders and cuts down on the affects of allergies. There have been some problems with this though and it is questionable whether or not it will become widely used.
“In 2008, 21,000 Canadians died from the effects of air pollution.”(Geduld) Although most of these deaths are from long term exposure to the pollutants there was still “2,682 deaths caused from short term exposure.”(Geduld).“5.5 percent of cardiopulmonary (heart and lung disease related) deaths can be attributed to ground-level ozone exposure, which has increased over the past decade.” (David Suzuki Foundation)
wide range of concentrations, thus aiding in the accuracy of the calibration curves. Another bene?it
them with oxygen, give them a larger physical stoicism, tend to relieve us from being a nervous, dyspeptic set,
The actual living conditions of people directly correlate to the spread of infectious diseases and infestation of chronic illnesses that result in premature death. Crowding, such as in ghettos and low income projects, creates an unnecessary closeness of people in a community. Therefore we see an increase in the spread of infectious diseases because human to human contact is inevitable. For instance, in the US controlled Marshall Islands has a population of over 10,000 people living in an area smaller than Manhattan. Tuberculosis runs rampant there and is often times left unchecked due to the lack of personal space in conjunction with poor sanitary conditions. Poor sanitation in a region is an effect of lack of public interest in the community and subsequently aids in the demise of the health of the population.
A lot of scientists like the idea because it is advanced and they say it’s cleaner and safer in many
With poor living conditions and over population can cause many forms of disease and unclean living conditions, and with poor living conditions you get the spread of airborne diseases such as tuberculosis and respiratory infections such as pneumonia. (Health poverty action). When people die of disease related deaths economic productivity declines as well as person tragedy. When this happens produ...
Process ab: The vapour refrigerant entering the compressor is compressed to high pressure and temperature in an isentropic manner.
...ffects on human health. These have high negative effects on low income areas, as a result of pollution, visual, oral and air, as well as high levels of overcrowding. The World Health Organisation predicts that in the next 30years most of the world’s population growth will occur in cities and towns of poor countries. This rapid, unplanned and unsustainable pattern of urbanisation, is creating cities into focal points for environmental and health hazards (World Medical Association, 2010).
Safe water and sanitation as a basic human right, household water treatment, rainwater harvesting ... and reports from Kyoto, Madagascar, Uzbekistan, Guinea and other countries around the world.
slow down the depletion of the ozone layer by taking carbon dioxide out of the air.