Globalisation is a broad term that is often defined in economic factors alone. The Dictionary at merriam-webster.com describes globalisation as “the process of enabling financial markets to operate internationally, largely as a result of deregulation and improved communication.” Also due to deregulation on the financial market, multi-national companies are free to trade and move their businesses to areas where a higher return or profit can be achieved. New technology also enables companies to relocate to areas where labour costs are lower, for instance movement of call centre jobs from the UK to India.
Lyons (2006) suggests that globalisation creates push and pull factors. Pull factors may include the recruitment drive of highly skilled migrants to developed countries, in return for better pay and working conditions. Push factors may force individuals to migrate due to poor living and working conditions in their native country. Political factors which infringe human rights and fear of persecution may cause individuals to flee also.
Globalisation has increased modern technology all over the world enabling more people, such as globally separated families, to maintain contact. Increased media coverage also draws the attention of the world to human rights violation which can lead to an improvement in human rights. This is not a reflection of all marginalised groups. In Australia, the detention of unaccompanied asylum seeking children (UASC) contravenes the United Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), however the media are prohibited to enter detention centres and report on this issue (Cemlyn and Briskman, 2003).
Globalisation often affects the structurally oppressed within society, including women and m...
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... Home Office (2007) Glossary- National Refugee Integration. http://nrif.homeoffice.gov.uk/Glossary/index.asp?letter=u. Accessed on 6th November 2010.
The Scottish Government (2003) Asylum Seekers in Scotland. http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2003/02/16400/18349. Accessed on 9th November 2010.
The Scottish Government (2007) Refugees and asylum seekers. http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/People/Equality/Refugees-asylum. Accessed on 5th November 2010.
The Scottish Government (2003) Refugee Integration Forum: action plan. http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2003/02/16364/18141. Accessed on 10th November 2010.
The United Nations Refugee Agency (2010) Definitions and Obligations. http://www.unhcr.org.au/basicdef.shtml. Accessed on 9th November 2010.
United Convention of Human Rights (1951)
United Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989)
Globalisation, in the simplest sense, is economic integration between countries and is represented by the fact that national resources are now becoming mobile in the international market. Globalisation sees: an increase in trade of goods & services through the reduction of trade barriers; an increase in financial flows through the deregulation of financial institutions and markets and floating of currency; an increase in labour
...2009): 8-9. United Nations Human Rights Council Universal Periodic Review. Web. 8 Apr. 2014. .
Although, asylum seekers and refugees are given a few options if they feel as though their rights are being breached, like they can apply to tribunals and courts to view their visa related decisions, they can also make a complaint to the Australian Human Rights Commission about their human rights being breached in immigration detention centres, yet they do not have control over who enters the country, the government is not obliged to comply with the recommendations that are made. Although the government has made few attempts to comply with the human rights obligations towards asylum seekers and refugees by introducing new policies and prioritising the safety of the children in these detention camps, there are currently still many breaches towards their rights that the government continues to adapt, therefore they are still constituting a breach of international law.
As a signatory to the UN 1951 refugee convention, we have already agreed, not to return asylum seekers or to detain them indefinitely. In 2001, the Tampa incident brought disrepute to us as we failed to take the right action. Another wave of backlash irrupted when Indonesian fishing vessel codenamed SEIV X sank in northern waters. The UN is highly critical on the practice of mandatory detention over long periods. As a law abiding nation, we need to keep our citizens well informed of our obligations under UN convention so that we can collectively meet our obligations in true spirit. Once Australians realise that we are providing over 200,000 migrant visas annually and the asylum seekers would occupy less than 2% of it and irrespective of the fears mongered by politicians, almost 93% of asylum seekers who arrived by boat in the have been recognized as “genuine” refugees by Australian authorities and the popular “country shoppers” or “economic migrant” stories do not represent the reality, it is not difficult to develop a national consensus on this ongoing, unavoidable issue in an overpopulated world with a massive imbalance in resource
Push Factors are negative aspects or conditions that motivate one to leave. In one's country, region, organization, religion, etc. Overall, push factors are those that encourage a population to leave their home. A pull factor is an economic, social, political or environmental condition that entices people to immigrate or move to a new location. In this case, British North America.
Refugees have two basic choices. They can return to their home country, or they can try to settle in another country. Most refugees, however, cannot return home because conditions in their native country have not changed sufficiently to eliminate the problems from whi...
In 1954 Australia chose to commit to the 1951 Refugee Convention. This convention reinstated the dignity and equality of all persons, and therefore Australia became obliged to the acceptance and humane treatment of asylum seekers (Glendenning, 2015). However, over the recent years, asylum seeker policies such as ‘stop the boats’ have instead become a parliamentary campaign, ignoring the focus on humane treatment as well as the human, moral and legal obligations made clear in the Refugee Convention (Glendenning, 2015).
All of the major terms in this definition are legal terms, which had been studied based on law by various courts and by the UNHCR. Lister does not argue the well-established meanings of these terms, but he argues the terms can be read in a broad way. By this, we can understand much of the traditional jurisprudence, which is important to ensure refugees get the protection they
It is a common misconception that asylum seekers pose a threat to the welfare of Australia, however, these beings just wish to seek a life that includes their right to life and freedom. Many of the countries from which these individuals originate inflict a constant fear, completely unbearable. Hence, they seek refuge in a location renowned for it’s just and fair environment, however, the detention centres these asylum seekers are placed in while awaiting resettlement rights, exhibit completely unethical practises, only then to be resettled and become subject to stereotypical prejudice. There are multiple laws and sanctions in place to protect the rights of these refugees, however, authority is often exploited and these ‘unlawful non-citizens’ are not regarded as human in the slightest.
Refugee arrivals on Australian shores, particularly those arriving irregularly by sea, have over the past years been a matter of significant political and public concern. Australia has a long history of accepting refugees for resettlement, however despite this the Australian Government has recognised the magnitude of these global trends, noting that the number of asylum seekers and refugees in Australia are small, at its peak only receiving eighteen thousand people illegally by sea, compared to those seeking asylum in other parts of the world. There is still a large debate on the global stage as to whether the current Australian laws relating to the acceptance and resettlement of refugees and asylum seekers, as a party of the CRC (Convention on the Rights of Children), the ICCPR and the Refugee Convention, is fulfilling
This is felt even more so by migrant children whose situation is normally exasperated by “weak legal protection”, language and communication problems, and lack of documentation. This unfortunate situation leads to unaccompanied and separated children, because there is no support system waiting for them at their destination, being harassed by authorities, drug abuse and/or physical abuse, as well as trafficking. Not only are these risks faced by migrant children in obvious violation of the general right to human dignity, but also violates the rights set out in the CRC, such as the right not to be subjected to sexual abuse , or the right to not be subjected to “inhumane or degrading treatment”. It is disheartening that the rights set out in the CRC are still not protected by the states that find that their boarders are being crossed by migrant children, leaving them open to abuse, when children are “entitled to special care and
Jordan has witnessed many waves of refugees since its inception in 1946, with some waves coming even before independence. Despite its very limited natural and financial resources, Jordan has hosted refugees from the Palestinian territories, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Somalia, and Sudan. The status of various ethnic groups that have settled in Jordan range from full integration into Jordanian society to no or very little integration. For example, Circassian and Chechens are full members of Jordanian society while Sudanese and Somali refugees are widely treated as outcasts. Therefore, it is imperative that NGOs focus their limited financial resources on those refugees who have very little integration in society and who are therefore more vulnerable. In addition, it is important these organizations are aware of the demographics of the refugee population in Jordan and what services are most needed.
Due to recent events, explicitly the multitude of attacks in France and Germany in current media, the concept of refugee has been entangled and associated with notions of terrorism and violence. The status of refugee is vital in order for those who are displaced in conflict to be able to be accepted by the global community. The whole idea behind being a refugee is that you should be able to find a new safe place to live. The stigmatisation of refugees and the association with terror attacks, with violence, with disharmony is causing a vast dichotomy between what it truly means to be a refugee and those terrorists who exploit refugee status to further their own self, or group interests. Issues with media go hand in hand with current issues with refugee. Whilst Anthropologists seek to understand why and how people are affected by conflict and then becoming refugees the media largely tend to undermine this, thus undermining the validity behind claims of refugee. It is also the interchangeability the media uses between the terms migrant and refugees that limits the way the concept of refugee is used. The difference is important however as Refugees are protected under international and national laws whereas migrants are not afforded the same protections and are subject to immigration policy and nations have no obligation to take
The first chapter of the book provides a highly informative background and history to the concept of refugees, as well as their relevance to the modern international political system. The authors importantly point out that defining a refugee is not simply a matter of academic concern because resulting definitions may mean the difference between life and death for people in conflict zones. Defining a refugee involves political and ethical considerations, inevitably creating disagreement regarding the issue. For example, when refugees are defined in a certain way by the United Nations, research will consequently revolve around such definitions and will help support the status quo of the institut...
The global community faces the important and essential task of assisting refugees, but not forcibly imposing refugees on a nation which can compromise national interests. In order to sustain a nation, a strong system of sovereign states becomes essential. Maintaining that bond is essential to the sustainability of these nations. States have a duty to protect and support their own best interests first, and there is no international body with a right to interfere with those interests. Kept