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Effect of colonialism on native america
Effect of colonialism on native america
Effect of colonialism on native america
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“To discover, understand, and encounter the cultures and intricate natures of the California Indian people, it is necessary to search the past” –Nancy Wahl. Tracing back in California history, Spanish explorers, commanded by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, found the tip of what is now Baja California in the year 1533 and named it "California" after a mythical island in a popular Spanish novel. It is evident that from the time Spanish monarchs set foot in California, the world as Native Americans knew it was never the same again. The late 1700s initiated and marked the colonization of Spaniards in the “Golden State” which in turn provoked the massive persecution and extermination of Native American population as well as the disappearance of Native heritage and culture. As a result, the recurring despairs and adversities of the Indian population began. Professor Edward D. Castillo expresses in his article “California Indian History” that California Indians have been the most unfortunate and the least understood of all the Native American tribes in the nation. “They were once probably the most contented and happy race on the continent, in proportion to their capacities for enjoyment, and they have been more miserably corrupted and destroyed than any other tribes within the union” (Castillo, www.nahc.ca.gov/califindian). They had the largest population, and resided in the most pleasant and naturally productive lands but as we have learned, they were swept away with a most vile and cruel extermination. Epidemic diseases brought to the state by Spanish colonists and missionaries in the late 1700s to the early 1800s, turned out to be the most powerful and discreet method to surmount Native American population. The impact of the missionarie... ... middle of paper ... ...populated state in the nation and is recognized as one of the wealthiest states, Native Americans are still marginalized in a third world existence, becoming the most underprivileged and miserable minority living in California. Works Cited Castillo, Edward D. “Short Overview of California Indian History.” California Native Americans Heritage Commission. April 12, 2012. Paddison, Joshua. “Native Americans.” Calisphere University of California. April 12, 2012. Viola, Herman. California Studies: History-Social Science, Grade 4. “Californio Lands.” Houghton Mifflin, ©2007. 214-217. Wahl, Nancy "Hodges". “Native Americans Travel through Time…on Hwy 49.” Historic Hwy 49. April 14, 2012.
Additionally, this essay would be a good read for those interested in the topic of sexuality, gender and culture or anyone studying anthropology. This essay contributes to understanding aspects of California history that is not primarily discussed. The reader gets and insight on two different cultures, and the effects of them merging together -- in this case, the cultures of the Spaniards and Indians. I believe that this article supports Competing Visions as the text also discusses how “the object of the missions was to convert the natives to Christianity as well as to Hispanicize them…” and both touch upon the topic of the rapes of
Through visiting La Plaza De Culturas Y Artes, I have learned a lot more interesting, yet, surprising new information about the Chicano history in California. For example, in the 1910’s and on the high immigration of Mexicans and other Chicanos, into coal mines and farms by major corporations, made California one of the richest states in the US. I also learned that most of California 's economy was heavily reliant on immigrants. Immigrants were the preferred worker for major corporations because they didn 't have American rights and were given the harder jobs for less pay.
When the Europeans first migrated to America, they didn’t know much about the ancestral background of the different types of the Indian tribes that were settled in Virginia and along the East Coast. Many of the Indian tribes became hostile towards the colonist because the colonists were interfering with their way of life. This lead the natives to attempt to destroy the frontier settlements. Many forts in this area were erected to protect the settlers and their families. One the historical land...
In the textbook “California: An Interpretive History” by James J. Rawls and Walton Bean introduces the way California Indians carried their everyday lives in chapter 2, The Original Californians. According to traditional Indian beliefs, Californian natives believe that they were created and have lived their entire existence in their ancestral homeland. However, anthropologists believe otherwise. They believe that they are decedents of people who made their way across from Asia to North America thousands of years ago when a now-vanished land bridge connected the two continents during the Pleistocene Era (11). These men and women along with their descendants settled into the North and South America continents, making possible the spread of various tribes throughout California along with their tradition.
The display that I will be focusing my research on is called First Californians. The display encompasses many of the different artifacts pertaining to the first Native Americans of California. All artifacts are displayed behind glass cases with brief description of how the items were used. Artifacts from many tribes are displayed. However, the two most prominent tribes displayed are the Chumash Natives of the Northern Channel Islands and the Gabreilino (Tongva) natives of modern day LA and Orange County Regions. In the center of the room lay...
Lippert, Dorothy Thompson, and Stephen J. Spignesi. Native American History for Dummies. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Pub., 2008. Print.
Terry L. Anderson, Sovereign Nations or Reservations? An Economic History of American Indians (San Francisco: Pacific Research Institute for Public Policy 1995) 144.
Enticingly, the Spanish homesteaders came to this land with a passionate objective to develop the land and extract its natural resources for their profit. To this day, the Spanish's activities on this land has brought success and has propagated California to be the leading role in the advancement of new technologies and the creation of motion pictures. Notwithstanding of having this recognition, people seldom discuss on the origin of the land. When the Spanish came, the Indian are the occupants of the area; governing the land and surviving through the natural resources. As history is portrayed by the victor, the destiny of the right proprietor of the land has dependably been untold. Their once serene time has ceased to proceed as the Spanish
In conclusion, the persistent disparities in American Indians and Alaska Natives communities are deeply rooted in historical trauma. To improve the health status of AI/AN there needs more American Indian/Alaska Natives delivery health care to the community. More importantly, tribal leaders and the AI/AN community must participate in raising the health status of the community. It should not take a congressional action to decrease the disparities plaguing the American Indian/Alaska Native communities.
Characterized by several stages of development, the modern state of California witnessed a myriad of hurdles during the period of Spanish and Mexico invasion. The predicaments faced by the Native Americans are seen to have accelerated with the intrusion of the Spanish rule and its exercise of colonial power over the Mission Indians. Although the native dwellers of California did not a lead a politically stable life before its colonization, Mission Indians enjoyed a period of social stability with strength in local governance. The onset of the Spanish and Mexico rule saw the opening up of the state to more immigrants and imperialist through routes that were created
During the late 1840's California did not show much promise or security. It had an insecure political future, its economic capabilities were severely limited and it had a population, other than Indians, of less than three thousand people. People at this time had no idea of what was to come of the sleepy state in the coming years. California would help boost the nation's economy and entice immigrants to journey to this mystical and promising land in hopes of striking it rich.
Thompson, William N. “Native American Issues.” A Reference Handbook. Contemporary World Issues. ABC-CLIO, 1996. Santa Barbara, California.
Calloway, C. G. (2012). First peoples A documentary survey of American Indian history (4th ed.). Boston, MA: Bedford/St. Martin’s.
Although everyone should be involved in finding out more about this subject, historians and the ancestors of Indians who have been neglected have a tendency to be the more interested than others. Historians, like Edward Sherrif Curtis, the writer of "The North American Indian", are aroused by the mysterious past of the Indians. Their curiosity is what drives them to devote their entire lives to find out more about this historic past time. Curtis, for example, devoted more than thirty years of his life, following, living with, and taking more than forty thousand pictures of eighty different Indian tribes (Curtis, par.1). Another well-known seekers of Indian information are the Indians themselves. Their drive comes from keeping their heritage alive and giving justice to their ancestors who were mistreated by the senselessness of the white man. One of their goals is to share the wealth of information that has been passed down from their elders, to help us better understand their way of life.
Brown, Kirby. “Historical Recovery, Colonial Mimicry, and Thoughts on Disappearing Indians in Elena Zamora O’Shea’s El Mesquite.” Indigenous Cultures Institute. Meakan/Garzas Band, 21 Dec. 2010. Web. 11 Oct. 2011. .