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the impact of the berlin wall
outline for a research paper on the munich massacre
israeli palestinian conflict
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“No kind of demonstration or political, religious or racial propaganda is permitted in any Olympic sites, venues or other areas” (Advertising, Demonstrations, Propaganda* 98). This rule shows just what the Germans were hoping for, a peaceful, passive, war-free environment in which countries can get together and compete. Although we all know that quite the antithesis was upon the 1972 Olympics in Munich between September the fifth and September the sixth. The Munich Massacre, one of the worst massacres of all time, was driven by the vengefulness of the Palestinian group known as Black September, towards the people of Israel, or more relevantly, towards their Olympic team (Rosenberg). Since this confrontation between Palestine and Israel has been going on for such a long time, the conflict was ultimately inevitable. Or was it? The tragedy at the 1972 Munich Olympics stunned the world by the murders of the Israeli Olympic team, but the fact that it could have been prevented is completely unacceptable.
Tensions were very high at these Olympics, mainly because that these were the first Olympic Games held in Germany since the Nazis hosted the Games in 1936 (Rosenberg). Though for some, it was never going to be easy to forget the recent, and quite frankly, horrific past. The Olympic Park had been built just six miles from the Dachau concentration camp, one of the largest concentration camps ever (Burnton). For all 42 representatives of Israel, these Olympics had a deeper meaning than everyone else. Citizens of Israel, many of them Holocaust survivors themselves, or their children, were returning to the Germany. Whose government had, only one generation ago, set out to wipe their people from the earth, and marching with pride...
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...eguardian.com/sport/blog/2012/may/02/50-stunning-olympic-moments-munich-72
Chivo, Jack. Straight.com. N.p., 20 July 2012. Web
http://www.straight.com/news/jack-chivo-why-munich-olympics-massacre-remains-fresh-my-mind
Gal-Or, Noemi. "Domestic vs. International Terrorism." World Terrorism. Sharpe Online
Reference (2014): n. pag. Web. 27 Feb 2014. http://www.sharpe-online.com/SOLR/a/show-content/fullarticle/23/Book022-PART1-article37
"Olympics Massacre: Munich - The Real Story." The Independent. Independent Digital News
and Media, 22 Jan. 2006. Web. 27 Feb. 2014. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/olympics-massacre-munich--the-real-story-524011.htm
Rosenberg, Jennifer. "Munich Massacre." About.com 20th Century History. N.p., n.d. Web. 02
Mar. 2014. http://history1900s.about.com/od/famouscrimesscandals/p/munichmassacre.htm
...en were left with nine hostages. They were, in addition to Gutfreund, sharpshooting coach Kehat Shorr, track and field coach Amitzur Shapira, fencing master Andre Spitzer, weightlifting judge Yakov Springer, wrestlers Eliezer Halfin and Mark Slavin, and weightlifters David Berger and Ze'ev Friedman. David Berger was an expatriate American with dual citizenship and Mark Slavin, the youngest of the hostages, had only arrived in Israel from the Soviet Union a few months before the Olympic Games began. Gutfreund, physically the largest of the hostages, was bound to a chair whilst the rest were lined up on the two beds in Springer and Shapira's room, and bound at the wrists and ankles and then to each other. Romano's bullet-riddled body was left at his bound teammates’ feet as a warning, to show what would happen if any of them attempted to escape as their friends had.
The controversy in the Munich Olympic games was that there was a terrorist attack.During the Munich Games,security guards ignored what they thought were maintance works, but the eight men in warm-up suits were members of Black September, a terrorist group linked to the Palestine Liberation Organization. They entered the suite of the Israeli quarters in the Olympic Village and killed a coach and weight lifter and then took nine other Israelis hostage.The terrorists demanded the release of 200 Arabs from Israeli prisons and a
Since 776 BCE, the Olympics have been a way for people of different cultures to come together and compete in friendly competition. In 1892 the first modern Olympics were held in Athens, although it had been over a thousand years since the last game it still had brought together an assortment of different religions and ethnic groups together. Many factors shaping the Olympic Games reflect the changes that have taken place in our world since the last game in 393 CE in Greece such changes include woman’s suffrage, global economy, world wars, and proving competency.
held in Munich Germany, a land of past tradgeys and wanted to reunite as a
Theme: Many events of The Nazi Olympics surround this sporting festival to make it one of the controversial events in sport history. Not only does Mandell cover the 1936 Olympic Games themselves but he gives insight to the history of the modern games, participation by the United States, the role of the games in the Nazi propaganda efforts and portrays heroes and key figures. Mandell wrote about the intersection of sport and politics and how world leaders set the agenda, not the athletes. The Nazi’s used the 1936 Olympic Games as a way to reinforce their political and racial goals. Although they were founded as part of a vision of world peace, the 1936 games became a stage for political disputes. The Nazi Olympics takes an in depth look at the efforts the Germans made to show the rest of the world that they had again become a powerful nation under the leader of Adolf Hitler. The events that followed the games in Germany, mainly the Holocaust and World War II overshadowed the Berlin games. However, it is very important to note that a world gathering like the Olympics took place in a country that was in the process of eliminating an entire race of people. The games were a huge success in regards to the Nazi regime, they were able to fool the world and prove to Germany that they were a peaceful and stable nation.
...organized retaliation with Operation Wrath of God. This operation systematically killed the remaining members of Black September and since then Palestinians and Israelis were at each other’s throat to defend what they each thought was rightfully theirs. The athletes that were murdered could have lived completely different lives if they had not met death so suddenly. Their death was caused by a trickle effect from the Cold War, if the Balfour Declaration didn’t happen then Jews wouldn’t have a homeland, which would lessen the tension between Israelis and Palestinians, which ultimately would mean that Black September would have no need to take Israeli athlete hostages that fateful morning and these athletes could have lived through the Olympics and gone home safe to their families. In the end global tensions are to be blamed for the massacre that occurred in Munich.
If the individuals, governments, and countries would have stood up for what they knew was right, the Holocaust would have ended before it did. Just like society now, we don't care about something if it doesn't directly impact us.
The 1936 Olympics in Berlin, also known as the “Nazi Olympics”, was a milestone in the history of the world. All of the attention of the Olympics that year was focused on Adolf Hitler and the Nazis. In 1933, Nazi leader Adolf Hitler became leader of Germany and quickly turned the nation's democracy into a one-party dictatorship. He took thousands of political opponents, holding them without trial in concentration camps. The Nazis also set up a program to strengthen the Germanic Aryan population. They began to exclude all one-half million Jews from the population, and German life. As part of the drive to "purify" and strengthen the German population, a 1933 law permitted physicians to perform forced sterilizations of psychiatric patients and congenitally handicapped persons, Gypsies, and Blacks (Encarta Encyclopedia 1996 [CD-ROM]). The 1936 Olympics in Berlin caused many worries, problems, and questions for America and other countries throughout the world.
The world then was just as difficult as it is now when it came to Arab and Israeli relationships but this was the Olympics. The delegation from Israel were a little worried about security at the village at which the athletes were housed during games. It was noticed that many Palestinian workers were employed throughout the Olympic Village and they did not like the fact that they were housed in the bottom floor of the group apartments in which they were assigned. But eventually they relaxed, coming to the conclusion that security had to be good and they should settle down and enjoy themselves while they participated in this perhaps once in a life time event (Maslin).
The 1972 Olympics were held in the summer in city of Munich, Germany. Munich is a city in the Southern region of what was then West Germany. They were “The Games of Peace and Joy” and they were going to be the biggest and most expensive Olympic Games ever. The Olympic Games in Munich were supposed to have more athletes representing more countries than at any previous sporting event. During the 1972 Munich Olympics, 10,490 athletes were present. Bavarian officials hoped that the 1972 Munich Olympics would confirm Germany’s rehabilitation as a civilized society. Germany was trying to expunge memories of the Second World War and the infamous 1936 Olympics in Berlin, Germany. At the 1936 Olympics in Berlin, the German dictator Adolf Hitler had recently risen to power. Hitler tried to use the Olympics to showcase his belief that German whites were a superior people. There was no greater confirmation of Germany’s rehabilitation than the presence at the games of a delegation from Israel. Many of the families of the Israeli Olympic Athletes had been victims of German Dictator Adolf Hitler. The organizers of the 1972 Munich Olympics worked hard in order to not remind the world of what the Nazis had done. The organizers even refused to let security guards carry weapons, because they were worried that they would invoke memories of the heavily armed Nazi soldiers. They invited massed ranks of the media, a greater concentration than ever before to witness the festival of sport and the redevelopment of West Germany. At least four thousand newspaper, magazine, and radio journalists travelled to the Bavarian capital along with another two thousand television journalists, announcers, and crews. They had a television audience of nearly one billio...
Perhaps the Jewish people's greatest tragedy ever is the Holocaust of World War II. In Nazi Germany and throughout Europe in the 1930's and 40's, Jews were branded with yellow arm patches of Jewish stars. They were sandwiched onto boxcars--literally stacked on top of one another--and deported to concentration camps, where the old, the women, and the children were systematically murdered upon arrival. At liberation in 1945, over six million Jews had been killed in these inhumane concentration camps. Somehow, the Jews survived through Adolph Hitler and the Nazis to persevere. But discrimination continued. In 1972 at the Olympic Ga...
To add to their deceit towards the world, the German Olympic Team allowed part-Jewish fencer, Helen Mayer, to compete for them. “She won a silver medal in women’s individual fencing” (“Nazi” 2). After Helen accepted her medal, she gave the Nazi salute. Mayer’s act appalled fellow Jews for years (Walters 214). However, reporter William Shirer looked beyond the façade that was the Nazi Propaganda Machine and saw Germany for the country it truly was (“Nazi” 3).
The Ancient Greek Olympics were not only sporting events, it was a celebration to honor the great and powerful Zeus. The Ancient Olympics were held every four years at the famous Olympia, a district of Elis, here all free Greek men were allowed to compete. The first record of the Olympic Games was held in 776 B.C. The main sports were the Pentathlon, the Equestrian Events, Pankration, and Boxing.
The Beijing Olympics were one of the most iconic global sporting event in recent memory. During the course of the 19 day spectacle 205 countries competed, 37 world records were broken and roughly 4.7 billion people tuned in worldwide. The whole world watched as Usain Bolt became the fastest man to ever live and Michael Phelps won, an astonishing, eight gold medals in aquatics. However, these games were about so much more than sports. In the decades before the 2000’s China had faded into the background and was more or less irrelevant when it came to world super powers. Therefore, these games were about China exhibiting their recently attained wealth and power. The games provided a massive stage for the most up and coming country in the early 21st century. Forty four billion dollars was spent on this Olympics, the most ever. The Olympiad allowed for a global stage for China to flex its muscles just as it had done so many times in its history and the country succeeded in this display. China used the opportunity of the Beijing Olympics to showcase its massive wealth, cultural values and advancement in technology; the games served as both China’s celebration and solidification in the role as a world power.
Introduction Today, the Olympic Games are the world's largest pageant of athletic skill and competitive spirit. They are also displays of nationalism, commerce and politics. Well-known throughout the world the games have been used to promote understanding and friendship among nations, but have also been a hotbed of political disputes and boycotts. The Olympic games started thousands of years ago and lasted over a millennium.. The symbolic power of the Games lived on after their demise, and came to life again as the modern Olympic Games being revived in the last century. Both the modern and Ancient Olympics have close similarities in there purpose and in there problems.