The Internet Infra-structure
The internet usage is growing very rapidly in Malaysia in the recent years. The internet is well-known as JARING (Joint Advanced Research Networking) in Malaysia.
Currently, MIMOS (Malaysian Institute of Microelectronics Systems), a governemt agency is overall maintaining and responsible for the the network backbone for JARING. Due to the rapid growth, the director-general of MIMOS Dr Tengku Mohamed Azzman Shariffadeen has made a press statement lately that under the Seventh Malaysia Plan, the speed of the network will be upgraded to about 20 to 300 times. A high speed 34 Mbps to 45Mbps link will be established. Public can access the Internet by calling 1511 or the telephone numbers supplied by MIMOS.
Telekom Malaysia Berhad, has been recently approved by cabinet to be the second ISP in the country, making MIMOS no longer lonely in providing access to the global network. The TMNet is expected to further boost the Internet population with Telekom Malaysia Berhad's capabilities.
The growth is generally attributed to the awareness of Malaysian regarding the usefulness of the Information Superhighway, the coverage from the mass media and strong support from the government.
The commitment from the country leaders and government proven by the development of MSC (Multimedia Super Corridor) will have a direct impact on the promoting the growth of internet in the nation. The gradual installations of Internet Access PC for all schools will have a positive effect on the awareness of the global network.
The Content Of Information
On the Internet content, Malaysia' Prime Minister, Datuk Seri Dr Mahathir Mohamad recently suggested that the international community draw up a common agreement to check abuses such as pornography from being transmitted in the Internet.
Prime Minister - Dr Mahathir
"There must come a time when the international community comes together to have a law that can be applied in every country," he said.
The Prime Minister said the common agreement would allow the international community to appeal or charge a citizen in the country where he floated pornography in the Internet.
"For example if a person in the United States was floating dirty literature in the Internet which affects our children here, we (Malaysians) can then appeal or bring a charge against the person.
"The action should be taken in the US, by the US. Maybe this is the answer," he said when responding to a question from participants of the chief executive officers' forum entitled The Malaysia's Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC) The Concept and Implementation Challenges at the Putra World Trade Centre recently.
COPA makes adult website operators liable for criminal sanctions -- up to $50,000 in fines and six months in jail -- if children are able to access material deemed "indecent," by "contemporary community standards," for those under 16. This raises the sticky issue of what "community" should set the standard for the global world of the Internet.
The convention, put into place in 2001, gives the 39 signatory countries guidelines to develop national legislation to combat cybercrimes and is also used as a framework for international co-operation between the countries who have signed (Government of Canada, “Cybercrime”). Furthermore, it demands that countries implementing the convention to give permission to law enforcement to order Internet service providers to monitor citizens’ online activities as well as outlaw discrimination based on religion or race, such as racism and xenophobia (Connolly). In 2015, the government of Canada ratified the convention, which strengthens Canada’s capacity to cooperate with international partners to fight cyber criminality by making it easier for the country to ask for help and assist other countries in their fight against cybercrimes (Connolly). Additionally, computer crimes generate new challenges for legislators and law enforcement agencies, such as the CSIS or local police station, that they have to face in order to keep Canada’s population secure (Valiquet).
The internet has taken the world so far in its short commercial life; the future of the internet provides limitless possibilities of a much different future. The internet was created to test new networking technologies developed to eventually aid the military. The Arpanet, advanced research projects agency network, became operational in 1968 after it was conceived by Leanard Roberts (Watrall, T101, 2/2). Ever since the Arpanet began in 1968, it has grown exponentially in the number of connected users. Traffic and host population became too big for the network to maintain, due to the killer application known as email created in 1972.
Nevertheless, Internet censorship makes it more difficult for extremists to connect with each other. Government imposed online censorship allows posts to be analyzed by officials to help them track down and arrest those who are posting the messages, effectively reducing crime. Despite this extreme case and many other minor ones involving racist email harassment, racist blog posts, and racist social media accounts on Twitter, developed countries such as the United States have no laws ruling against the mistreatment of others online (Qazi). Although free speech is fundamental to society, it crosses a line once people are physically
The joint venture company between Masteel and KUB and called Metropolitan Commuter Network Sdn. Bhd(MCN) with 60% is owned by Masteel and the remain is by KUBThis project began in January 2011 and the proposal got approved by Johor state government in April 2011.
Malaysia is located in the south-eastern Asia, bordering Thailand and northern one-third of the island of Borneo, bordering Indonesia, Brunei, and the South China Sea, south of Vietnam. Due to its locations, it has been colonised since the late 18th centuries by many countries. Since 1965, Malaysia has had one of the best economic records in Asia, with GDP average of 6.5% growth for almost 50 years. The economical development especially boosted during 1981 and 2003 under the governance of Prime Minister Mahathir bin Mohamad. Malaysia succeeded in diversifying its economy from dependence on exports of raw materials to expansion in manufacturing, services, and tourism. Also, the current Prime Minister continues to pursue pro-business policies .
As the Internet has become more widely recognized and used by people all over the world, it has brought a new medium in which information can very easily be broadcast to everyone with access to it. In 1995 there was a projected 26 million Internet users, which has grown to almost 300 million today. One major problem with this is that everyone represents different countries and provinces which have different outtakes on certain types of freedom of speech as well as different laws about it. This proposes a new type of law that would need to be written in order to determine whether or not something is illegal on the Internet. A person in one country can express what they want to, but that expression may be illegal in another country and in this situation whose laws are to be followed? What I propose to do accomplish in this paper is to discuss the freedom of speech laws of the United States of America and those of France, China, and Canada. I will examine what about them is similar and what about them is different. The bringing of the Internet has brought many new types of businesses as well as ways in order to communicate with the world, but as with each new endeavor or invention, there needs to be a way in order to govern its use and policies. There must also be ways in order to punish those not following the new laws and policies of use, since that the country that the person is in may allow what they did, but it may not be allowed on the Internet or in a different country. In other words, there is the need for international laws governing the Internet.
Since the WTO never defined “public interest” or “national security” in means of limiting their own states network, this leaves full rain for China (Mengin73). World community through the WSIS in both Geneva and Tunis had deemed both the United States and China are correct in the realm of Internet governance (Saleem 328).
Von Galhn and Taulbee. 2013. Law Among Nations. An Introduction to Public International Law. Pearson Education.
Unknown Author. An Overview of the Communications Decency Act (CDA). Center for Democracy & Technology. Retrieved 26 April 2004.
One of the unique challenges to regulating or settling on the appropriate way to regulate is that there is no concrete definition of pornography. While law enforcement bodies such as the police, prosecutors and judges, are accustomed to dealing with issues that are exclusive to the United States, the Internet is a worldwide community with servers and members coming from hundreds of countries. Defining "pornographic content" on a global level has not been easy because of different moral and legal variations. In the United States one type of act may be defined as being "hard-core porn", however, another country could see this act as much less offensive. So while the United States may try to regulate one level of pornography, a person could go find it on a website launched from another country. This is one the problems that is being acknowledged when trying to find a way of dealing with the pornography on the Internet.
In 2012 the United Nations released a report declaring the internet access as a human right (United Nations, 2012). The way people use the internet today across the world makes it an extraordinary force. We can see its
The Internet has revolutionized the computer and communications world like nothing before. The Internet enables communication and transmission of data between computers at different locations. The Internet is a computer application that connects tens of thousands of interconnected computer networks that include 1.7 million host computers around the world. The basis of connecting all these computers together is by the use of ordinary telephone wires. Users are then directly joined to other computer users at there own will for a small connection fee per month. The connection conveniently includes unlimited access to over a million web sites twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. There are many reasons why the Internet is important these reasons include: The net adapts to damage and error, data travels at 2/3 the speed of light on copper and fiber, the internet provides the same functionality to everyone, the net is the fastest growing technology ever, the net promotes freedom of speech, the net is digital, and can correct errors. Connecting to the Internet cost the taxpayer little or nothing, since each node was independent, and had to handle its own financing and its own technical requirements.
Internet access in schools has experienced an extreme increase within the last decade. By the fall of the year 2000, 98% of the public schools throughout the United States reported to be connected to the Internet (NCES, 2000). This is a reported 63% increase since the year 1994. Also in 2000, the ratio of computers to students was one to six, an increase from the 1994 ratio of one computer for every eleven students (Mendels, 1999). Aside from having Internet access in school libraries and computer labs, the abundance in individual classrooms has dramatically increased. This allows for Internet learning to be more readily available to students on a daily basis. Statistically over 70% of schools have this access in at least one of their classrooms (Mendels, 1999).
The Internet has become a key ingredient of strenuous and busy lifestyle. ‘Internet’ has become the central-hub for communication, explorations, connecting with people or for official purposes. Resultantly, Internet growth has led to a plethora of new developments, such as decreased margins for companies as consumers turn more and more to the internet to buy goods and demand the best prices.