Electronic information is essential to the achievement of government organizational
objectives. Its reliability, integrity, and availability are significant concerns in most
audits. The use of computer networks, particularly the Internet, is revolutionizing the
way government conducts business. While the benefits have been enormous and vast
amounts of information are now literally at our fingertips, these interconnections also
pose significant risks to computer systems, information, and to the critical operations
and infrastructures they support. Infrastructure elements such as telecommunications,
power distribution, national defense, law enforcement, and government and emergency
services are subject to these risks. The same factors that benefit operationsspeed and
accessibilityif not properly controlled, can leave them vulnerable to fraud, sabotage,
and malicious or mischievous acts. In addition, natural disasters and inadvertent errors
by authorized computer users can have devastating consequences if information
resources are poorly protected. Recent publicized disruptions caused by virus, worm,
and denial of service attacks on both commercial and governmental Web sites illustrate
the potential for damage.
Computer security is of increasing importance to all levels of government in minimizing
the risk of malicious attacks from individuals and groups. These risks include the
fraudulent loss or misuse of government resources, unauthorized access to release of
sensitive information such as tax and medical records, disruption of critical operations
through viruses or hacker attacks, and modification or destruction of data. The risk that
information attacks will threaten vital national interests increases with the following
developments in information technology:
Monies are increasingly transferred electronically between and among
governmental agencies, commercial enterprises, and individuals.
Governments are rapidly expanding their use of electronic commerce.
National defense and intelligence communities increasingly rely on commercially
available information technology.
Public utilities and telecommunications increasingly rely on computer systems to
manage everyday operations.
More and more sensitive economic and commercial information is exchanged
electronically.
Computer systems are rapidly increasing in complexity and interconnectivity.
Easy-to-use hacker tools are readily available, and hacker activity is increasing.
Paper supporting documents are being reduced or eliminated.
Each of these factors significantly increases the need for ensuring the privacy, security,
and availability of state and local government systems.
Although as many as 80 percent of security breaches are probably never reported, the
number of reported incidents is growing dramatically. For example, the number of
incidents handled by Carnegie-Mellon University's CERT Coordination Center1 has
multiplied over 86 times since 1990,2 rising from 252 in 1990 to 21,756 in 2000. Further,
the Center has handled over 34,000 incidents during the first three quarters of 2001.
Similarly, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) reports that its case load of
addition, more recently we have experience even greater change. There is now about ten to
This is an outrageous number that continues to increase. There is also an increasing trend
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Throughout all of history and to this present time the arts have been slowly shifting and changing into different styles and uses of certain techniques, the names of many of these styles end in the three letters, ism. Most importantly are these four styles, Neoclassicism, Romanticism, Realism and impressionism. These styles occurred in order and shared certain characteristics transitioning them into the next style. By learning about these different styles we can further understand what was going on in the minds of the artists of the time and how they painted.
tripled to 12% and the government expects that figure to rise to 23% by the year
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating disease that affects approximately 400,000 Americans. It occurs two to three more times in women than in men and is most prevalent in women in their early thirties which makes researcher believe hormones play a significant role in developing MS. Patients can go through periods of relapse and remission with the possibility of the symptoms getting progressively worse with each occurrence. Statistics show that eighty percent who have MS will live twenty or plus years after its onset. Even with all the recent medical advances and research, MS is an overwhelming diagnosis to encounter.
high. Statistics prove that in recent years, in the United States, nearly 35,000 people have been
William Shakespeare is the author of the play Romeo and Juliet, he is acknowledged by many for writing, one of the most powerful and tragic love stories known today. In his production Shakespeare rushes the sequence of his story therefore transforming his characters from two tragic lovers to two pathetic figures. After meeting for only a couple hours Romeo and Juliet disregard that they are forbidden to be together and quickly arrange to get married. Romeo and Juliet keep their relationship a secret from everyone they care about in an attempt to stay together, because of this they go through with a pitiful plan that not only eventually triggers their death and but harms their families. Throughout the play Romeo and Juliet result to suicide when their initial plans do not work in their favor. Romeo and Juliet’s irrational decisions turn them into pathetic figures that make poor choices, which lead to their deaths.
Since the early 1980's, there has also been an increase in the number of people
population has grown to such an enormous size that it has become a problem to
This would seem to be an astounding figure, but when the figure of the total
Men In Black is a secret organization of people who do their best in saving the world. The people of MIB are specially trained to save the world from aliens who try to destroy the world. The story is about two people named, Kay and Jay, who save the world from an alien bug, named Edgar. Jay was recruited into the organization, after meeting Kay. The organization is made up of men, women, and aliens.
When comparing Kellogg’s 1997 A/R turnover to 1998 it has increased by .26x moving it slightly past t...
The first thing that we must consider about Information Security is that there is not a final destination at which we can arrive. IT Security is an ongoing set of processes and activities that requires attention and expertise on a daily basis. It is important to understand that systems are not secured by themselves and it is our responsibility to maintain and improve them periodically as required. It is of vital importance to establish the appropriate mechanisms and requirements in order to support the company’s CIA triad. The following report will provide you guidance about auditing and hardening techniques applied though the 7 Domains by utilizing IT Security Best Practices.