Etiology of Developmental Dyslexia
The long disputed debate about the primary cause of dyslexia is still very much alive in the field of psychology. Dyslexia is commonly characterized as a reading and writing impairment that affects around 5% of the global population. The disorder has frequently been hypothesized to be the result of various sensory malfunctions. For over a decade, studies have made major contributions to the disorder's etiology; however, scientists are still unclear of its specific causal. Initially, dyslexia was thought to be a reading disorder in children and adults (1). Later it was suggested to consist of both a visual and writing component, therefore characterizing it as more of a learning disability which affected people of normal intelligence's ability to perform to their fullest potential (5). In the current research, cognitive and biological perspectives have often been developed independently of one another failing to recognize their respective positions within the disorder's etiology.
The Phonological Deficit and Magnocellular theory are two of the most dominant theories in dyslexic research. Various theories have been suggested to explain the nature and origin of dyslexia, however, they often served as additional support for either the phonological or magnocellular theories. The Double Deficit theory suggested that dyslexic symptoms were the result of speed-processing (7). The Genomic theory posed that dyslexia was a highly heritable disorder that can be localized to a specific genetic component, Finally, the Cerebellar Deficit theory suggested that dyslexia was the result of an abnormal cerebellum exist (2). With the constant debate of the biological nature versus the cognitive natur...
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...explanation of temporal processing and phonological deficit theory of dyslexia.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg&_imagekey=B6WC0-45FCDRM-M-1&_cdi=6724&_orig=browse&_coverDate=03%2F31%2F2002&_sk=999199996&wchp=dGLbVlb-lSzBV&_acct=C000020258&_version=1&_userid=423519&md5=8fa40b6212ee8c82801e117a768bf4bb&ie=f.pdf<br>
5)Nature.com, Article discussing the two most prevalent theories of dyslexia; the magnocellular and phonological theories.
http://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/nature/journal/v412/n6845/full/412393a0_fs.html&content_filetype=pdf<br>
6) Infotrac, Article describing the double deficit hypothesis of dyslexia.
http://web2.infotrac-ustom.com/pdfserve/get_item/1/Sbc1b55w7_1/SB765_01.pdf
NON-WEB REFERENCES
7).To see but not read; the magnocellular theory of dyslexia. Stien, J. & Walsh, V. TINS v20 1997 pages 147-152.
Next, we need to tackle the many misconceptions associated with dyslexia. Many people acquaint having a learning disability as having a disease. This is completely false, dyslexia is not a disease, and therefore there is no magic pill that can cure it. Actually, there is no cure and it cannot be outgrown. According to the journey into dyslexia, “it is a lifelong issue.” However, it is manageable with the assistance and resources, those with dyslexia can continue to keep up and retain their grade level in
Robert Buck once said, “If children can’t learn the way we teach, then we have to teach the way they learn.” The Wilson Language Program has become disclosed to amplify this mentality. Dyslexia is a common disease among ten to fifteen percent of the United States, where a human being has trouble in learning to read or interpret words, letters, and other symbols. Programs are reaching out to try to terminate as much distress of dyslexia as possible. Up and coming programs, The Wilson Language Program for example, are making their best efforts to start working with children from a young age with the slight signs of this common problem. Catching dyslexia earlier in life brings more assurance that the child’s future will have little to no setbacks or disadvantages for success. In order to enhance the regressive literacy of dyslexic individuals, the Wilson Language Program is progressively being implemented into regular schooling to ensure that reading standards are met, through structure, hours of research, copious practice, and strong evidence.
Dyslexia has been a commonly known problem in the Unites States. Even though, dyslexia is a mental problem that causes disabilities in reading, most people do not know the truth about it. There have been movies where a person with dyslexia sees letters moving around, yet people with dyslexia do not have disabilities like moving letters around. The truth is that there are plenty of misconceptions. The myths going around of what dyslexia supposedly is, is not the truth. These myths are just misconceptions and the truths about dyslexia are more complex than what it seems like. Dyslexics have different learning processes and different ways of handling the problems at hand.
...ors throughout the study. The authors aim to convince the general audience that there is a connection between the attachment theory and adult romantic relationships that should be considered throughout other studies and research. In the study, there were no sex differences obtained in three attachment styles, nor in the background questions; authors assume that conditions are generally the same between both sexes. While the data supports the position, attachment styles correlate with adult love relationships, the different conditions of both sexes are not considered within this study which affects the reliability of this data and what it supports. Additionally, the studies data was immensely accumulated from questionnaires, biased results could have been created based off the questions that were asked or the current situation or mood the subjects were experiencing.
According to the Adult Attachment Style questionnaire, my attachment style fell under the secure region. Which indicates that people that fall under this style tend to keep satisfying relationships with their partners. It seems appropriate, and I agree wit...
Kant’s categorical imperative can provide a set of rules to formulate what a good person is and should do. Kantian philosophy is deontological and it requires people to always do their duty. Kant does not forbid feeling good or happiness, but it must be the case that each person can fulfill their duty even if they did not enjoy doing it. In summary, in order to determine whether or not a particular act is good or bad, morally speaking, we must apply the categorical imperative and I have provide justifications to use it in our daily day lives.
Cassidy, J., & Shaver, P.R. (1999). Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications. New York: The Guilford Press.
Attachment is a particular way in which a person in related to his or her surrounding people. The attachment formed at the beginning of one’s life is the type of attachment that is prolonged over the remainder of the life. Dr. Phillip Shaver and Dr. Cindy Hazan conducted a study in which they found four main types of attachments. The four types of attachments were secure, anxious preoccupied, dismissive avoidant and fearful avoidant (https://www.psychalive.org/how-your-attachment-style-impacts-your-relationship/).
“The Extraordinary Characteristics of Dyslexia” by Jake Horner is a definition essay on what it means to be dyslexic. He incorporates his own life story to support his definition and his ideas in his essay. Dyslexia is looked upon as a disability that should be treated even though dyslexia has to do with the way your brain processes the information given to you. Horner includes two types of thinkers, spatial and linear. Spatial thinkers are the dyslexic people in the world, and linear thinkers are the non-dyslexic people in the world (Horner 493). As I read this essay, it made me reflect.
Following the above line of research, Mikulincer and Florian (2000) demonstrated that attachment style influences the way people react to death reminders. For instance, secure persons reacted to mortality salience with a higher desire for intimacy in romantic relationships, while individuals who scored high on the anxiety or avoidance component reacted with harsher punishment for social transgressors. These findings imply that secure persons react to death reminders by relying on their attachment relationships. In contrast, persons scoring high on either avoidance or anxiety dimension tend to rely on other defense mechanisms.
Neuronal plasticity found in infants, and the learning process has been of keen interest to neurobiologists for some time. How does the brain develop and attain the skills we need as one grows is fascinating. It is commonly understood that a crying infant can only be consoled by his/her mother, and is able to recognize her voice over the voice of a stranger. A number of studies have also been done on the distinct reaction of infants to sounds of their own language versus a foreign language, familiar melodies or fragments of stories they may have heard repeatedly during the fetus stage (Partanen et. al, 2013). However, these studies relied heavily on the infant’s reactions, which bared little credibility (Skwarecki, 2013). One research team developed a technique to show that infants actually develop memory of the sounds they hear while in the womb, and are able to recognize the similar sounds at the time of birth. The team was able to trace changes in brain activity in new born infants, and thus provided quantitative evidence that memory forms before birth (Partanen et. al, 2013). This paper begins by examining the literature that identifies associations between MMR used as a tool to measure auditory input and Exposure to Psuedoword and how its varations create memory traces.
Dr. James Kerr, the first person to notice the signs and symptoms of dyslexia in 1896, taught at a school and initially became concerned with the children unable to read. Unknowingly, he came to the conclusion that the inadequate readers suffered from blindness. His observation had nothing to do with poor vision; although, in some areas of Britain and Scandinavia the overall condition is still labeled as blindness. (Dyslexia) Karl Kussman, receives recognition as the first person to give the condition its name due to the fact that the word derived from Greek origin. Its prefix dys means “difficult” while the suffix lexis means “words”. (Dyslexia: Get pg. 8) Presently, the name for these specific signs and symptoms mainly deals with the struggle to read are dubbed as dyslexia. The World Federation of Neurology termed the definition of dyslexia in 1968 as “A disorder in children who, despite conventional classroom experience, fail to attain the
“Dysgraphia is a learning disability that affects writing, which requires a complex set of motor and information processing skills. Dysgraphia makes the act of writing diffic...
"The principles and rules of grammar are the means by which the forms of language are made to correspond with the universal froms of thought....The structures of every sentence is a lesson in logic."
Language Development in Children Language is a multifaceted instrument used to communicate an unbelievable number of different things. Primary categories are information, direction, emotion, and ceremony. While information and direction define cognitive meaning, emotional language expresses emotional meaning. Ceremonial language is mostly engaged with emotions, but at some level information and direction collection may be used to define a deeper meaning and purpose. There is perhaps nothing more amazing than the surfacing of language in children.