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Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome
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The skin is the largest organ of the body. The integumentary system is made up of the skin and its appendages (hair, nails and glands). The skin is made up of two layers: the epidermis and the dermis. The epidermis is the outermost layer and protects against dangerous environmental influences and fluid loss. This layer is made up of stratified squamous keratinized epithelium. The epidermis can be thick or thin depending on the location. On palms and soles, the epidermis is thick and ranges from 0.8 mm to 1.4 mm in diameter. On the other hand, thin skin covers the rest of the body and can range from 0.07 mm to 0.12 mm in diameter. One of the skin’s functions is to provide protection. The epidermis has four types of main cells and one of these cells, melanocytes produce the pigment melanin which helps protect the skin against ultraviolet rays that can damage the skin cells (Ross & Pawlina, 2010). The dermis of the skin consists of two layers: the papillary dermis and the reticular dermis. There are two types of skin cancer: melanoma and non-melanoma. Basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are included in the non-melanoma cancers. This paper will focus on how the skin is affected with basal cell carcinoma.
Basal cell carcinoma also known as (BCC) is the most common type of cancer in Caucasians. It is less common in African Americans, Asians and Hispanics. It has had an increased incidence in the recent decades, with highest rates in Australia (Agnew et al., 2005). BCC is also more common in men than in women. It is a slow growing form of cancer that rarely metastasizes. BCC can occur at any age but it is common in older adults. This cancer is the most common cutaneous malignancy in humans (Habif, 2011). It starts on ...
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...n of the epithelium.
References
Agnew, K. L., Bunker, C. B., & Gilchrest, B. A. (2005). Skin Cancer. Abingdon: HEALTH Press.
Aster, J. C., Robbins, S. L., Kumar, V., & Abbas, A. K. (2013). Robbins Basic Pathology. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders.
Basal Cell Carcinoma. (2011, July 26). Retrieved from U.S. National National Library of Medicine, NIH: National Institutes of Health website: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000824.htm
Dermnet Skin Disease Atlas. (2011). Basal Cell Carcinoma Histology Photo. Retrieved from http://www.dermnet.com/images/Basal-Cell-Carcinoma-Histology/picture/18925?imgNumber=4
Habif, T. P. (2011). Skin Disease : Diagnosis and Treatment. Edinburgh: Saunders/Elsevier.
Ross, M. H., & Pawlina, W. (2010). Histology: A Text And Atlas, With Correlated Cell And Molecular Biology. (6 ed.). New York: Wolters Kluwer.
The Cancer Council NSW and NSW Health Department Skin Cancer Prevention Strategic Plan for New South Wales (2001) Gladesville NSW The Cancer Counsil New South Wales and NSW Health Department 2001
Miller, K. R., & Levine, J. S. (2010). Miller & Levine biology. Boston, Mass.: Pearson.
Faries, D. E., Houston, J. P., Sulcs, E. N., & Swindle, R. W. (2012). A cross-validation of the provisional diagnostic instrument (PDI-4). BioMed Central, 13(1), 104. doi:10.1186/1471-2296-13-104
The locally invasive characteristic of this tumor involves vertical penetration through the skin and into the dermis and subcutaneous (under-the-skin) tissues of the malignant melanocytes. With the exception of the nodular variety of melanoma, there is often a phase of radial or lateral growth associated with these tumors. Since it is the vertical growth that characterizes the malignancy, th...
Marks, R. 1990. Skin cancer control in the 1990’s, from Slip! Slop! Slap! to Sun Smart. Australasian Journal of Dermatology 31: 1-4.
There are several causes that contributes to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), which mainly are prolonged sunlight exposure, presence of trauma, exposure to carcinogen, and being affected by papillomavirus.[...
The most common type of skin cancer is nonmelanoma skin cancer, which is classified as basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma. “These begin either in the basal cells or squamous cells that are located at the base of the outer layer of the skin.” (Kenneth, 2012) Basal and squamous cell cancers are among the less serious types of skin cancers, but make up ninety-five percent of all skin cancers.
Basal and squamous cell skin cancer are the most common forms of skin cancer. Multiple studies have shown that these cancers are almost always connected to large amounts of sun exposure. This can come from things like outdoor sports, performing something outdoors with little coverage from clothing, and getting multiple severe sunburns. You can see signs of skin cancer inside and outside of your body. Rough, thick, dry skin patches are common symptoms, but things
Miller, K. R., & Levine, J. S. (2010). Miller & Levine biology. Boston, Mass: Pearson
8. Becker W. M, Hardin J, Kleinsmith L.J an Bertoni G (2010) Becker’s World of the Cell, 8th edition, San Francisco, Pearson Education Inc- Accessed 23/11/2013.
Segal, E. A., Cimino, A. N., Gerdes, K. E., Harmon, J. K., & Wagaman, M. (2013). A
Cancer is a major public health problem in many parts of the world. Over ten million new cases of cancer, with over six million deaths were estimated in the year 2000 (Parkin, 2001). The estimated numbers of incidence and mortality in 2002 were markedly increased as 10.9 million new cases, 6.7 million deaths with cancer (Parkin et al., 2005). Even developed countries suffering from cancer, in USA it was expected 2677860 new cases of cancer will be diagnosed in 2009. In that same year , more than 562,340 deaths will occur due to cancer, this number represent 25 % of all deaths and makes cancer as a second leading cause of death after heart diseases (Jemal et al.
The second layer of the skin is called the dermis and is also known as the middle layer. The dermis is what holds the body together. The dermis has layers to it as well as the epidermis. There are two layers to the dermis, the papillary layer and the reticular layer. The cells of the dermis are fibroblast, macrophages, mast cells, and scattered white blood cells (wbc’s). the dermis is richly supplied with nerve fibers and BV;s. dermal BV’s is also a part of the integumentary system, dermal BV,s have converging and diverging vessels that ar...
Skin cancer is a disease where cancer (malignant) cells are found on the outer layer of the skin (epidermis). The three types of cells found in the epidermis are squamous cells, basal cells, and melanocytes. These cells in time grow to be cancerous. Thus, the three types of skin cancers are squamous cell, basal cell, and melanoma. Melanoma is the most deadliest and destructive type of cancer. (“Skin Cancer” infotrac.com) The number of people with melanoma has risen in Scotland from 3.5 in 1979 to 10.6 per 100,000 in 1998 for men and 7.0 to 13.1 for women. (Miller 945) Squamous cell and Basal cell skin cancer can kill up to 2,200 people a year in the United States. (Sommerfield SIRS.com) Basal cell, being the most common type of skin cancer, is the cancer that about 75 percent of the people have. (“Skin Cancer “ infotrac.com) Melanoma is mostly seen in older men but ever since tanning came in during the 1970’s, it has increased in women 60 percent around the ages 15-29 over the past three decades.(Sommerfield SIRS.com) “And basal cell and squamous cell cancers are increasing at a rate of about 5 percent per year”(Sommerfield SIRS.com).
Cain, M. L., Urry, L. A., & Reece, J. B. (2010). Campbell Biology. Benjamin Cummings.