Cities all over the world are developing. As war ended in 1942, a significant number of people move to the city because they want to improve life. This urbanization process is causing a number of problems and should be met by sustainable development policies. In the beginning, it is important to know the definition of sustainable development. There are some definitions for sustainable development, but simply they say that sustainable development is a development which using resources now and preserving them for future generations (Adams, 1999, p.137). This concept has been agreed internationally at a Rio Conference in 1992 to be implemented by all government policies which mostly known as “Agenda 21” principles (Adams, 1999, p.141). This paper will show that traffic jams and housing problems caused by urbanization can be met by sustainable development policies. The structure of this paper will first explain the situation that leads to traffic jams and housing problems. Next, it will elaborate the sustainable development solutions, implications for the solutions, and evaluations how effective the sustainable development solutions solved the problems. A general situation of urbanization trend in developing countries and developed countries is increasing. In 18th Century only 3% of the world total population lived in urban areas but as projected in 2000 this number will increase at above 50% (UN as cited in Elliot, 1999, p. 144). According to UN (as cited in Elliot, 1999, p.144), it is figured that the total urban population in developing countries has increased from approximately 400 millions people in 1950 to approximately 2000 millions people in 2000. At the same time, total urban population in developed countries is double... ... middle of paper ... ...ment did not implement the policies. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to implement them as soon as possible. Bibliography Adams, W. M. (1999). Sustainability. In P. Cloke., P. Crang & M. Goodwin (Eds.), Introducing human geographies (pp. 125-130). London: Arnold. Bilham-Boult, A., Blades, H., Hancock, J., Keeling, W. & Ridout, M. (1999). People, places, and themes. Oxford: Heinemann. Chaffey, J. (1994). The challenge of urbanisation. In M. Naish & S. Warn (Eds.), Core geography (pp. 138-146). London: Longman. Elliot, J. E. (1999). An introduction to sustainable development. London: Routledge. Newman, P. (1999). Transport: reducing automobile dependence. In D. Satterthwaite (Ed.), The Earthscan reader in sustainable cities (pp. 67-92). London: Earthscan Publications. Thisdell, D. (1993). Can L.A. kick the car habit? New Scientist, 138(1877), 24-29.
The numerous regions included in this film extend from all corners of the world to show just how relevant and important urbanization is. Gary and his team visited countries such as South Africa, China and Brazil while speaking with law makers, political officials and architects in an attempts to understand the logic
Excessive land use and urban development are a problem, because it causes pollution and it robs animals of their homes. When man extends his boundaries into nature, nature has no choice but to go somewhere else. Expansion and population are the cause of this environmental problem. I propose to set a standard for land development for every city. In that I also propose that each city should impose a set number of persons to live in that city. Each city must impose stricter guidelines for waste management. Finally I propose that the city set limits for development, and expansion.
Urbanization (or urbanisation) is the increasing number of people that live in urban areas. Urbanization has been the result of economic growth for most countries. In fact, every developed nation in the world has gone through urbanization and this is no news to Chinese leaders. To turn the nation of China from being a developing nation to a developed nation, China encouraged the migration of citizens from the countryside to move to large cities and fuel the industrializing nation. Though urbanization has been a process many countries have gone through, China’s urbanization plans are very distinct compared to western examples. The main reason for China’s urbanization distinctions is its sheer magnitude and pace. In this paper, we will review this mass migration, the economic growth, China’s environmental concerns (specifically air pollution) due the urbanization and the focus on industrialization, and we will briefly see China’s newest seven year urbanization plan.
The purpose of this paper is to examine the formation of urban sprawl including its impacts on people and to explore efficient alternatives. Urban sprawl is a common problem that the world is currently facing in the process of urbanization. The North America urban sprawl that began from 1950s has been regarded as an illness of urban developments. With the purpose of drawing lessons and enlightens to a sustainable urban planning, this paper tries to analyze social and economic reasons that have been the motivation of North American urban sprawl. And interpret the causes and effects of urban sprawl, and what can we take to mitigate this phenomenon? Secondly, the paper introduces the most famous new planning movements such as Sustainable Development, Smart Growth, New Urbanism and so on. Finally, based on above observation, the paper proposes that lessons should be drawn from North American’s mistakes and not follows them. Furthermore, the paper probes into several problems in seeking a proper urban space model and policy on the process of urbanization. We must alert urban sprawl and keep on exploring sustainable urban governance policy and pay attention to induct the public opinion on consumption and culture in finding for the mechanism of structural innovation. We should commit to build sustainable transport system to reduce the consumption of automobiles. We should promote multi-intensive model of land use in urban exploration.
Earth’s population is increasing, and areas which are already home to millions are continuing to expand. As these cities continue to grow, when the population reaches a certain point it is referred to as a megacity, a megacity is a metropolitan area with a total population of 10 million plus. These megacities are so large that they are becoming out of control settlements, cities like Los Angeles and Tokyo are being forced to expand upwards due to having to accommodate for the thriving population. These cities are also faced with the issue of not having enough resources such as food and water to support the demand required. With megacities rampant growth with it bring a decline in the quality of life, to prevent this from getting worse laws are needed to be placed which is able to limit the population and physical boundaries.
The rapid growth of urban cities and its impact of urban dwellers have been given much attention. Urbanization is closely linked to modernization, industrialization and the sociological process of rationalization (Angel, 2012). Urbanization as we know began with the industrial revolution in the 18th century and has only been on the rise ever since our cities have been luring people for various reasons, the basic one being the hope for a better life.
Several drawbacks have been attributed to urban growth, in that there will be a shortage of affordable formal housing; increased volumes of traffic; yet most of the city’s population will live in an apartment or skyscraper condo. Other factors contributing such as the increase in population density; coupled with increased land prices inside of boundaries and reduced prices outside; along with increase overall house costs. Then again the thought of the environmental consequences of urban growth as well as car reliance which could bring about the issues of local air pollution, global warming impacts and lost farmland as other factors
Mittelman’s (2000) discussion of global development and urbanization has received attention from scholars such as Moore and Gould (2003) who note that more than half of the world’s population now live in urban settlement as the world becomes increasingly urban in nature. The authors believe that cities play a vital role and urban settlements offer opportunities for education, employment, social services, and better health care, while also suffering from such shortcomings as unemployment, marginalization, air
The level of urbanization of all provinces in Indonesia showed an increase. Five provinces which have enhancement in urbanization, like, Jakarta and East Kalimantan, DI Yogyakarta, North Sumatera and West Java. This is reasonable because the five provinces have the economic attractiveness of higher than other provinces in Indonesia (Chotib, 1997). In the future, the demographers estimate that the process of urbanization in Indonesia will be more due to rural-urban migration. This estimate is based on the natural growth of population in lower in urban areas, the relatively slow pace of change in the status of rural areas into urban areas, as well as the relative strength of economic policy and development, thus increasing the attractiveness of urban areas for people living in rural areas. That is why in the future, the issue of urbanization and mobility or migration becomes difficult to be separated and will be an important issue in the population policy in Indonesia. If in the past and today, the issue of birth (fertility) and death (mortality) still dominate the population policy, in the future when the birth and death rates have become low, family size becomes smaller, and vice versa welfare of the family and society increases, the desire to perform mobility for the majority of the population will increase, and especially towards the urban
Urbanization is related to development of modernization and industrialization signifies an expanding urban population and an extension of the building up territory of cities (Brade, I. ; Kovacs, Z., 2014). From 1949 to 1979, the rate of urbanization rose from 10.64 per cent to 18.96 per cent respectively (the United Nations, 2014). Comparatively, urbanization in 1978 grew triple the rate of the in 1978 , increasing almost 1 percentage point in ever year from 18.96 per cent to 46.6 per cent between 1998 and 2009 that means 622 million people are living in big or small cities and towns (Xinhua Netnews, March 30, 2010). In fact, there is 56.1 per cent of population in China residing in urban areas in 2016 (Xinhua Netnews,2016).
Demographic changes are among the most direct influences on urban change and urbanisation. Movements of people into and out from cities, shape the size, configuration and social composition of cities. The conditions of the urban environment affected the demographic structure of cities by influencing the balance between rates of fertility and mortality. Improved living standards expectations draw millions of migrants into cities. The synonymous relationship between urban dwelling and quality of life.
Urbanization is defined as the study of the economic, political and social relationships that happens in cities. And anyone who has to specialize in urban sociology will have to study all those relationships. There are three pre-requisites in the development of a city: A good environment and fresh water with a suitable climate, an advanced technology that shall produce a surplus in food and support non- farmers, and very strong social organization that ensures social stability and a highly stable economy.
2. United nations human settlements program. “ urbanization, facts and figures” New York, 6-8 of june 2001
The global crowding may gave birth to unmanageable problem unless something is dynamically done. At first, the world population is expanding rapidly. According to statistics, there are 6.7 billion people sharing the planet. In next 43 years by 2053, there will be more than nine million people on the planet, which about 40% to 45% increase. On the one hand, this growth of world population is occurring in smaller cities. Therefore, the majority of the world population will be living in smaller cities. Consequently, the number of smaller citi...
According to the Charter, a metropolitan area is a “fundamental economic unit of the contemporary world” (1). Metropolitan regions defines the world geographic characteristics but their boundaries are subjected to change. Therefore metropolitan regions are patterns made by government policy, powerful policy actors and natural life as urban life is organized into “multiple centers that are cities, towns, and villages” (1).