According to the International Coffee Organization, “The global spread of coffee growing and drinking began in the Horn of Africa, where, according to legend, coffee trees originated in the Ethiopian province of Kaffa ”("The Story Of Coffee"). Then, it was from this Ethiopian plateau the original shade grown coffee found its way to the Middle East, Europe, and rest of the world through trade and colonization. And, since then the demand of coffee has been rapidly growing along with the rise in global trade, economics, and population to this modern era where coffee has become the second most wanted commodity just after crude oil making a multi-billion dollars coffee industry. Unfortunately, the rise in the demand of coffee has not meant to raise the production level of coffee through its traditional holistic way of shade-grown coffee – where coffee plants are grown beneath the canopy of tropical forests which in turn helps the natural environment in many ways– but rather many industries have developed and adopted new sun coffee varieties – where monoculture coffee farms are made out of coffee plants, made tolerable to sunlight and are grown in large acres while destroying tropical forests along with the natural habitat of many other plants, animals, insects, and birds – in order to produce large scales of coffee. So, this new system of cultivating sun-grown coffee although yields, “three times more coffee than a shade bush annually” however it is not a better alternative to the age old shade grown coffee system which originated in the continent of Africa, as this sun grown coffee system causes various environmental problems like loss of habitats for bird and animal species and soil erosion through deforestation and the use of che...
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...problems with sun coffee." Coffee & Conservation. N.p., 5 2 2006. Web. 14 Jan 2014. .
Rice, Roberts. "Migratory Bird Center." Friends of the National Zoo. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Jan 2014. .
"Coffee Growing Practices." The Culinary Institute of America's. N.p.. Web. 15 Jan 2014. .
"Coffee Prices Could Go Up Thanks To Increased Demand In India." HuffPost 3 08 2013, n. pag. Web. 15 Jan. 2014. .
"Green Coffee-Growing Practices Buffer Climate-Change Impacts." ScienceDaily 10 10 2008, n. pag. Web. 15 Jan. 2014. .
Alden, Peter, Rich Cech, and Gil Nelson. 1998. National Audubon Society Field Guide to Florida. New York: Knopf. 2. Brown, Larry W. 1997.
...of the recent price drop, in August 2013 the coffee CPI was higher than about 38% than it had been last decade.
Watson, J. B., & Lashley, K. S. (1915). Homing and related activities of birds,. Washington: Carnegie Institution of Washington.
As discussed in class, when demand decreases for a product, companies or in this case producers should exit the market. But when it comes to coffee, producers don’t want to exit the market because the costs of moving out of coffee production are quiet large and farmers don’t have the means for alternatives. The reason being that, farmers don’t have any outside funding to promote efficient diversification and development. Another reason is that there are protection policies from the United States and the European Union that have made it harder for framers to benefit from producing other crops. And yet, the opportunity cost for farmers to switch to another product is higher than the cost of coffee in a low profit market. So, this book discusses different strategies that are being used to help producers get a better advantage to provide a living for their families. Different strategies being used include shade-grown coffee, differentiation of products, organic coffe...
8. Taylor, Dan. 1998. Audubon Society Inspired to Action by Bird Die -offs . 17 Jan. 1998 . E-mail . Available bkus@sunstroke.sdsu.edu
The Wall Street Journal, Boston Globe , and the Economist as well as many other media outlets of record were all in consensus when they declared the onset of coffee crisis in October 2001; farmgate prices had sharply dropped reaching a thirty-year low of $0.39 per pound in This price was below the cost of coffee production at the time, listed at USD 0.60 per pound.(Economist 2001) Price declines are not such an uncommon occurrence, but what is more troubling is that the cash market for coffee suffers from high price volatility. For a more detailed look please see Appendix 1: Cash Price Variation. Coffee producers , who are mainly located in developing countries , are highly vulnerable to price risk in the cash market , yet their profits in relation to their risk exposure has been steadily declining. In a 2001 study conducted by the European Fair Trade Association (EFTA)- an organization that promotes the sale of products that ensure price security for marginalized commodity producers- the general finding was a declining share of trade revenues from coffee remained in the coffee producing countries. Although the international coffee market has grown from $30 billion annually in the 1980s to $55 billion in 2001, in aggregate coffee producers have seen their share drop from $10 billion to $7 billion in 2001 (Renkema 59).
Caffeine and coffee are a daily part of life for most people in modern society. The discovery of the coffee bean is said to have been in Ethiopia, when a sleepy eyed goat herder noticed his goats eating red berries, he then noticed the effect it had on them as they jumped and danced around him. He then tasted the berries and his eyes opened wide, he took them to the local village who also liked it and in particular the monks who used the berries to keep them awake during meditation.
“The selling of coffee has grown into a multibillion-dollar industry in the past decade. The coffee beans fueling this burgeoning business are grown in the rainforest”.There are two ways to grow coffee; In the shade,which preserves rain forest ,and in the sun,which destroys the rain forest”. This brings out that there are ways coffee can help the rainforest and can even also destroy it.
The most important part of the cup of coffee, the coffee beans, is typically harvested from South America, mainly because of the fact that Starbucks uses Arabica beans (Weinberg 1), which is dependent on a temperate climate that exists on the majority of the continent. The country that provides the biggest market supply of coffee beans for Starbucks is Brazil ...
Burton, R. & Kress, S. W., (2010). Bird profiles: American Crow. Audubon North American birdfeeder guide (Rev. ed., p. 150). New York: DK.
Starbucks. Seattle’s Best. Dutch Brothers. These three are only a few of the many major coffee marketers in the United States. We have turned into a nation obsessed with coffee. As each day dawns, the rising sun meets the rising aroma of brewing coffee. And it does not stop there either: though Americans do drink 65% of their coffee during the morning breakfast time, 30% is consumed away from the mealtable (Huffington Post). But how many of the 100 million Americans who help to drink the 146 million cups of coffee consumed by the United States each year (Huffington Post) actually understand where their coffee comes from? Awareness has risen in recent decades, leading to concern for the living conditions of coffee farmers and those living in third-world countries in general. In turn this has led to the creation of the Fair Trade vision, supposedly an system to ensure that coffee farmers earn a living wage and that they have access to the opportunity for a better life. This eases the conscience of the average American, who thinks, “Good. Now I don’t have to feel bad about those coffee farmers anymore. I can have my morning coffee and know that I’m doing my part to help those who have less than we do.” But does Fair Trade accomplish its goal? Does it really provide maximum benefit to the farmer? Fair Trade coffee is not as simple a concept as it may seem: some aspects benefit farmers while others hinder them. Rules for Fair Trade Coffee as they stand today require some revision in order for Fair Trade agreements to truly live up to their full potential to help famers.
In the United States, coffee is the second largest import (Roosevelt, 2004). Furthermore, the United States, consumes one-fifth of all the worlds¡¦ coffee (Global Exchange, 2004). The present industry is expanding. It is estimated that North America¡¦s sector will reach saturation levels within 5 year (Datamonitor. n.d.). According to National Coffee Association (NCA), 8 out of 10 Americans consume coffee. In addition, it is estimated that half of the American population drinks coffee daily. The international market remains highly competitive. It is estimated that 3,300 cups of coffee are consumed every second of the day worldwide (Ecomall, n.d.). The latest trends included dual drinkers, an increase in senior citizens...
del Hoyo, Josep, Andrew Elliott and Jordi Sargatal. Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol 1, Ostrich to Ducks. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, 1992.
Besides the high demand and cost for gasoline these days, coffee is considered the second most traded commodity on worldwide markets next to oil. "Coffee is grown in more than 50 countries in a band around the equator and provides a living for more than 20 million farmers. Altogether, up to 100 million people worldwide are involved in the growing, processing, trading and retailing of the product" (Spilling the Beans , ). In 2001, coffee farmers and plantations produced over 15 billion pounds of coffee while the world market only bought 13 billion pounds. The overproduction in the coffee industry is not a usual thing and is one of the major reasons why prices vary throughout the industry.
K.C. WILLSON p 4 ). Studies indicate that thanks to the country’s favorable ecological factors such as suitable altitude, optimum temperatures, appropriate planting materials, and fertile soil.). (Alemayehu p 6) , coffee grows in Ethiopia in several places at various altitudes ranging from 550-2750metrs above sea level. More than any other country, Ethiopia has abroad genetic diversity among its coffee verities. It is the center of origin and source of genetic diversity of the Arabica coffee plant to the world. Nine different coffee species are cultivated in the four region of Ethiopia, all with distinctive tastes, size, shapes and colors.