The future of Sudan is uncertain because of the violence happened these recent years. Colonialism left its great mark on the country primarily because according to Tomar (2004), since Sudan gained its independence from Great Britain in 1956, their politics have been dominated by military regimes favoring Islamic-oriented governments. At that time, the new government tried to transform the political system that worked for the British into one that would serve the ethnically diverse country.
Sudan is the largest country in Africa in terms of area with an estimated population of about 39 million.Its population is one of the most diverse on the African continent according to Bureau of African Affairs (2011). Muslims who are Arabs comprise about 70 percent of the population who mainly settled in the north followed by those Africanpeople who stayed in the south – these are people holding indigenous beliefs who comprise about 25 percent of the population and Christians, 5 percent (Tomar, 2004). The main problem with Sudan is that no matter how well the government and the minority Christian party worked out their problems, the minority party would still feel as if the current system is working against them. Because of this Sudanese Conflict arises.
Sudanese conflict is known to be the longest running civil war in Africa. Sudan has been at war with itself for more than three-quarters. Bureau of African Affairs (2011) stated thatsince the country’s independence, the prolonged conflict rooted in cultural and religious differences that slowed down Sudan’s economic and political development and forced massive displacement of its people. Northern Sudanese, who have traditionally controlled the country, sought to unify Sudan through Islamiza...
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...11). Sudan. Retrieved September 20, 2011 from
http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/international/countriesandterritories/sudan/index.html
All Africa Global Media. (2011). Sudan: Civil War in the North?. Retrieved October 10, 2011
from http://allafrica.com/stories/201110080055.html
Bureau of African Affairs. (2011). Background Note: Sudan. Retrieved October 12, 2011 from
http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5424.htm
Copnall, James. (2009). Sudan oil revenue 'discrepancy'. Retrieved October 10, 2011 from
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8240996.stm
Jean Jacques Rousseau. The Social Contract
John Locke. Two Treatises of Government
Montesquieu. The Spirit of the Laws
Thomas Hobbes. Leviathan
Tomar, Ravi. (2004). The crisis in Sudan: issues and prospects. Retrieved September 20,
2011 from http://www.aph.gov.au/library/pubs/rb/2004-05/05rb08.htm#back
Sudan, which is located in northeast Africa, is ranked number 190 based on the amount of migrants per thousand people with a total of -4.44 migrants per thousand people. For roughly 12 years (from 2001-2013), Sudan has faced many challenges that push it’s people out of the land and pull them towards other places. These factors are known as push and pull factors. Even though there are many challenges that come with immigration, the results are more rewarding than what they would have been in Sudan. After migrating out of Sudan, these Sudanese migrants also face long-term consequences because of their decision to move.
Reeves, Eric, Massimo Calabresi, Sam Dealey, and Stephan Faris. “The Tragedy of Sudan.” Time. Time Inc, 4 Oct. 2004. Web and Print. 15 April 2014. .
This research paper will provide a detailed comparison of views between a typical American and the lost boys of Sudan, towards some political concepts. The concepts include; (1) war, (2) role of women, (3) the purpose of government, (4) the role of interest groups and international organizations, and (5) education.
In 2011, after nearly 50 years of conflict, citizens of the southern half of Sudan voted to secede and form their own country. On 9 July 2011, South Sudan was created amidst the uphill battle of legitimacy, governance, and economic stability in an already volatile region. Widespread poverty and an underdeveloped infrastructure plague the chances of South Sudan’s success.
In 1898, Britain and Egypt took control over Sudan. This didn’t include Darfur, which was an independent territory ruled by a sultan. In 1916, Britain added Darfur to the territory it controlled. After World War II, in 1945, Britain and Egypt began preparing Sudan for independence. From 1945-1989, Darfur -remote from Khartoum and having invaluable resources- suffered neglect from all governments. Sudan has been independence since 1956. However, the journey that led to Sudan’s genocide in Darfur began in the late 1800s. It’s a complicated tale that involves conquest; internal politics; social, ethnical, racial, and re...
...d viewed independence as the British keeping their rule through their Arab colleagues. Continuous Sudanese governments have failed or been reluctant to change the inequalities brought on by colonialism in the nation and therefore discrimination is being exposed in Sudan.
After the withdraw of Egypt and Britain, Sudan has been run by a number rickety / unstable government groups and milit...
"Sudan Backgrounder | United to End Genocide." United to End Genocide. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Apr. 2014.
The Sudanese Civil War was a fight between the central Sudanese government and the Sudan People’s Liberation Army, which occurred from 1983 to 2005. It was mainly a continuation of the First Sudanese
Throughout Northern and Central Africa ethnic fighting and mass genocide has run rampant. Clashes between, diverse ethnic and cultural people has caused instability, these mass humanitarian disasters that can no longer be ignored. With the help of other nations South Sudan can go from another mass genocide waiting to happen, to a region supplier of much needed resources, with the help of other nations. In the 1990’s Rwanda genocide was basically ignored by the United States government and because of this hundreds of thousands were either killed or injured in the area. In the early 2000’s the war in Darfur, created a campaign of ethnic cleansing against Darfur's non-Arabs. Again thousands of Africans were killed and the United States government and the American people ignored genocide.
As of March of 2008, a total of 300,000 people have died in Darfur, Sudan due to genocide. That is equivalent to the entire population of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The Genocide started back in February of 2003 in Darfur, Sudan. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights defines the liberties set for everyone in the World. Established in 1948, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights displays the rights and freedoms to which all humans are entitled to. The situation in Darfur, Sudan is known as Genocide, Genocide is defined as a systematic extermination or attempt at exterminating a national, political, racial or cultural group. The Darfur Genocide has violated Article #3, Article #5 and Article #9 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The Darfur Genocide violates article #3 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Article #5 has been violated by the Genocide in Darfur. Article #9 of Universal Declaration of Human Rights has been violated by the Darfur Genocide. Attacks in Darfur are mostly by a group called the Janjaweed which are an Arab based group supported by the Sudanese Government, to carry out attacks on people with different religious, economic and political views. The Darfur Genocide violates the rights of its citizens; steps should be enforced by United Nations and it allies.
An attack on the Syrian state would fall within the boundaries of the international concept of the responsibility to protect. The crisis in Syria has escalated by protests in March 2011 calling for the release of all political prisoners. National security forces responded to widespread peaceful demonstrations with the use of brutal violence. The Syrian President Bashar al-Assad refused to stop attacks and allow for implementation of the reforms requested by the demonstrators. By July 2011, firsthand accounts emerged from witnesses, victims, and the media that government forces had subjected innocent civilians to detention, torture, and the use of heavy weaponry. The Syrian people were also subjected to the Shabiha, a largely armed state sponsored militia fighting with security forces. Al-Assad continually denied responsibility to these crimes and placed blame on the armed groups and terrorists for these actions.
Tadesse, Debay. Post-independence South Sudan: the challenges ahead. ISPI-ISTITUTO PER GU STUDI DI POLITICA INTERNAZIONALE. February 2012.no.46.
The rise of this conflict can be traced back to European colonialism. As the British Empire continued to expand it incorporated Sudan into it’s empire in the 1890s. However at the time, Sudan was not the Sudan that is knew pre-2011. There were two a North and a South Sudan. The north was predominatingly a Arabic speaking Muslim North, and the south an English speaking Christian South. To prevent Egypt claiming North Sudan, the British combined the two regions into one. It can be classified as this being the start of the conflict. The two regions, were culturally,religiously, and ethnically different. Tensions were bound to rise based on these issues. When the British colonialism ended and Sudan declared independence in 1956, the borders were not altered. The country was still united into one Sudan. The British like most Colonial powers left the nation with an unstable government structure. The British supported the North more than it did the South, thus creating resentment and tensions between the two after the end of colonialism.
The recent Civil War in Congo has been a bloody flight, causing more then 3.3 million deaths in just 4 short years.1 Various rebel and ethnic groups have have been involved in the violence, fighting over Congo's rich natural resources or engaged in a bitter ethnic war. With so many opposing factions, it has made reaching a solution difficult. While a rough peace treaty has been established, sporadic fighting pops up in the country everyday. The people of Congo are being pushed farther into poverty and starvation can't handle the fighting for very much longer. I propose that the solution to the post-Civil War violence in Congo is to rid the country of all foreign nations and their problems, namely the Rwandans, and to get combatants inside of the country to hold a summit and find a peaceful and fair resolution to the problem, with a superpower like the United States acting as host and mediator. Once all quarrels are amended, the Congolese can start to focus on a economic strategy for rebuilding the country.