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The aftermath of the cold war
The aftermath of the cold war
The aftermath of the cold war
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The crisis in Ukraine and Crimea’s recent accession to Russia are events that clearly highlight the underlying sources of conflict in global politics. While Russia sees its actions in Crimea as a “reunification” and the respect for the right of self-determination, the West views it as a threat to European security and a violation of territorial integrity. Crimea has been a debatable topic from the time it came under the control of the Russian Empire in 1783 during the reign of Catherine the Great. The justification then was similar to the reasoning being used by Vladimir Putin today. Catherine declared that she was protecting ethnic Russians in the region from the Ottoman Empire, much as Putin is claiming to protect Russians from Ukrainian nationalists today.
It is the post-Cold War system of international relations that requires a re-thinking of how things went wrong as in many ways, the roots of the problem can be traced back to the bi-polar legacy of the Cold War, which created “a gray area” with its abrupt end, in global politics and hampered the development of standards of international law.
Historical relation of Russia, Ukraine and Crimea
To better understand what is currently taking place in the Eastern European front, we need to re visit history and appreciate the ties that the three bodies have. From the USSR to governmental Autonomy, and then to the breakdown of the state machinery in Ukraine, all have contributed to the current crisis in that part of the world.
Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic commonly referred to as Ukraine or Soviet Ukraine, was a sovereign Soviet socialist state . It was the second-most powerful republic of the Soviet Union in terms of economy and politics, second only to the Russian Soviet ...
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...ociated Press, Russia warns sanctions over Ukraine would 'hit US like boomerang' Fox News, Mar. 08, 2014, available at http://www.foxnews.com/world/2014/03/08/russia-warns-sanctions-over-ukraine-would-hit-us-like-boomerang/
Kriti Radia, Putin Mocks US Sanctions, Signs Crimea Accession Despite Pressure, Mar. 21, 2014, available at http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/headlines/2014/03/putin-mocks-us-sanctions-signs-crimea-accession-despite-pressure/
Newsweek, Russia Pulls Space Cooperation in Response to Ukraine Sanctions, Reuters, May 13, 2014, available at http://www.newsweek.com/russia-pulls-space-cooperation-response-ukraine-sanctions-250869
Putin's Threat to Retaliate for Sanctions Carries Risks, By Indira A.R. Lakshmanan and Joe Carroll May 1, 2014 8:29 AM GMT+0530, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-04-30/putin-threat-to-retaliate-for-sanctions-carries-risks.html
In a recent White House brief, President Obama called the Russian invasion of Crimea a clear violation of Ukraine’s sovereignty, territorial integrity, and international law. When assessing the Russo-Ukrainian crises in Crimea, the commander of European Command (EUCOM) and the Supreme Allied Commander of European Forces (SACUER) must account for U.S. interests in the region before deciding a proper course of action. This essay aims to assess four of the United States’ national interests through the perspective of EUCOM and SACUER. The first section will outline the role of EUCOM and SACUER in the European region and assess the overall problem of Russia invading Crimea. The second section will outline four of the United States’ national interests at stake: international order, trade and economic prosperity, energy supply, and freedom of the seas. In doing so, this assessment of U.S. interests in Crimea supports the options of non-intervention and a non-provocative stance in order to maintain long-term stability because the Russian invasion has only violated peripheral interests of EUCOM and SACUER.
Gaddis, John Lewis. We Now Know: Rethinking the Cold War: Dividing the World. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1997. Publishing.
Odd Arne Westad, Director of the Cold War Studies Centre at the London School of Economics and Political Science, explains how the Cold War “shaped the world we live in today — its politics, economics, and military affairs“ (Westad, The Global Cold War, 1). Furthermore, Westad continues, “ the globalization of the Cold War during the last century created foundations” for most of the historic conflicts we see today. The Cold War, asserts Westad, centers on how the Third World policies of the two twentieth-century superpowers — the United States and the Soviet Union — escalates to antipathy and conflict that in the end helped oust one world power while challenging the other. This supplies a universal understanding on the Cold War (Westad, The Global Cold War, 1). After World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union opposed each other over the expansion of their power.
International organizations such as NATO and the UN are essential not only for global peace, but also as a place where middle powers can exert their influence. It is understandable that since the inception of such organizations that many crises have been averted, resolved, or dealt with in some way thro...
The Web. 8 Mar. 2014 Gumuchian, Marie-Louise, Wedeman, Ben, and Lee, Ian. “Ukraine Mobilizes Troops After Russia’s ‘Declaration Of War’.” CNN, 3 Mar. 2014. The 'Standard' of the 'Standard'. Web.
Gertz, Bill. “New Space Arms Control Initiative Draws Concern.” The Washington Times Website. January 16, 2012. Accessed May 16, 2014. http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2012/jan/16/new-space-arms-control-initiative-draws-concern/?page=all.
... Russia over the EU? ( Video)." The Christian Science Monitor. The Christian Science Monitor, 21 Nov. 2013. Web. 22 Nov. 2013. .
(1993), The Cambridge History of American Foreign Relations, Volume Four, America in the Age of Soviet Power, 1945 – 1991, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press · Froman, M.B. (1991) The Development of the Détente, Coming to Terms, London, Macmillan Academic and Professional LTD · Kent, J. and Young, J.W. (2004) International Relations Since 1945, Oxford, Oxford University Press · www.oed.com (Oxford English Dictionary online)
International politics as one may imagine includes foreign affairs. This is why the topic and focus of this paper revolves around the current event within Eastern Europe. It will focus on both Russia, Ukraine, and the world, and from it, it will be analyzed by using the resources provided within class. After all it is a International Politics course, and one of the best ways to effectively put the skills and knowledge to use is to focus on an event or current event. The paper will attempt to go over in a chronological order of the events that has happened, and what is happening currently over in Ukraine. Afterwards, an analyzed input will be implemented providing reasoning behind Russia's actions, and actions of the world, and potentially some solutions.
Russia is the largest country in the world in terms of area and the world’s ninth most populous nation with 143 million people. Due to its large area the country is situated in 4 different climate zones and has vast natural resources. Russia also has a unique geographic position with the 14 border countries, bounded by 3 out of 4 world oceans, facilitating the build of international and domestic supply chains. Russia is one of the most technologically advanced economies in the world with a very big and well-educated work force and one of the largest consumer markets. The Russian economy is commodity-driven and is the world’s largest producer of oil (12%), natural gas (18%) and nickel (20%).
Crimea’s history with Russia begins in 1783, when it became an annexed state (Taylor). However, to most of those within the western sphere of schooling most commonly learn about Crimea from the Crimean war. It occurred from 1853 to 1856 and involved Russia, Sardinia, France, Britain, and the Ottoman Empire. After three years of arduous fighting Russia eventually lost the war, but it did manage the keep the treasured peninsula. After the fall of the Russian Empire, in 1921 Crimea became “ The Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic” and unquestionably part of the Soviet Union. In the following decades, Crimea much like the rest of Europe endured the strain of the Second World War, but surprisingly in 1945 it was gifted from Russia to the Ukraine. According to Taylor, there are a couple of possi...
Navalny, Alexey A. 2014. How to Punish Putin. NY : The New York Times, 2014.
Whenever world politics is mentioned, the state that appears to be at the apex of affairs is the United States of America, although some will argue that it isn’t. It is paramount we know that the international system is shaped by certain defining events that has lead to some significant changes, particularly those connected with different chapters of violence. Certainly, the world wars of the twentieth century and the more recent war on terror must be included as defining moments. The warning of brute force on a potentially large scale also highlights the vigorousness of the cold war period, which dominated world politics within an interval of four decades. The practice of international relations (IR) was introduced out of a need to discuss the causes of war and the different conditions for calm in the wake of the first world war, and it is relevant we know that this has remained a crucial focus ever since. However, violence is not the only factor capable of causing interruption in the international system. Economic elements also have a remarkable impact. The great depression that happened in the 1920s, and the global financial crises of the contemporary period can be used as examples. Another concurrent problem concerns the environment, with the human climate being one among different number of important concerns for the continuing future of humankind and the planet in general.
The conflict between the Ukraine and Russia is the Ukraine's most long-standing and deadly crisis; since its post-Soviet independence began as a protest against the government dropping plans to forge closer trade ties with the European Union. The conflict between Russia and the Ukraine stems from more than twenty years of weak governance, the government’s inability to promote a coherent executive branch policy, an economy dominated by oligarchs and rife with corruption, heavy reliance on Russia, and distinct differences between Ukraine's population from both Eastern and Western regions in terms of linguistics, religion and ethnicity (Lucas 2009).