Introduction These days, environmental attention improved due to climatic change and loss of water resources. In comparison to other nations in the Middle East, Lebanon has a relatively optimistic position regarding water sources, but it is expected that Lebanon will also face a water lack within the next 10-15 years. Therefore, the enhancement in the control of water source is basically essential. A water source control plan is still missing, and there is no extensive environmental law obtaining the security of water sources. Due to these circumstances, a water demand analysis including fire demand was carried out for the current time and for the next 30 years. A - Study site and collected data: 1)Barsa General Description: “Barsa” the name of the Lebanese town is derived from the Aramaic language and this name means “the irrigation place”. Barsa's ancient vestiges include sarcophagi & sculpted stones, whereas the modern vestiges include the remains of the Mustapha Barbar Agha Citadel, built over the ruins of an older citadel. This town is recognized by the green fields and olives & oversees El Mina bay and the mountains of Ehden and Bcharré. This region is also bordered by important areas of North Lebanon such as Tripoli, Zgharta, Chekka. Barsa has a landscape that is well-known for its beautiful views of the snow-topped mountains and the sea. In addition Barsa faces serious problems in defending its environment due to the disorganization of the acts of drilling wells and the lack of drainage systems and wastewater treatment. Regardless that this is a small town, Barsa embraces an essential educational institution that became more than known in Lebanon and worldwide which is the Notre Dame University (North Cam... ... middle of paper ... ...tion = 2x2,000 L/day/station=4,000 L/day Shopping stores = 150x150 L/day/store=22,500 L/day Total Consumption: After determining the intake of each aspect we summed all the consumption as follows. (2,364,040+274,500+62,320+35,000+4,000+22,500+10906) =2,773,266 L/day = 2,774 m3/d Conclusion This town like any other small town has a certain demand of water throughout the year. Water is a need that cannot be ignored .This town has a supply of water that comes from a tank but this tank does not fit to the current and projected demand. Therefore a tank needs to be designed and implemented in order to satisfy the increasing demand of the town. Water is not simply a resource, it is a life source. We all share the obligation to guarantee a healthy, secure and sustainable water supply for our communities, environment, economy and our quality of life depends on it.
Humans need water. In a world that is overpopulated, we use a lot of water and other natural resources. Currently, in our world, clean water is getting scarce. Recently, for example, Flint, Michigan, had a water crisis. In early 2016, the water was discovered to be tainted with lead and other toxins. Long before that, the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, and Governor Rick Snyder along with his council, knew about the lead, but to save money for the city of Flint in early 2014 Snyder had changed the city’s water source to the Flint River which had corroded pipes, causing people of all ages to be sick from the high amounts of lead
Corral-Verdugo, V. et.al. . (2002). Residential water consumption, motivation for conserving water and continuing the tradgedy of the commons. Environmental Management, Vol. 30 Number 4.
The ability to obtain abundant, pure water is a basic requirement for an individual’s well-being. Likewise, access to abundant, safe water is also indispensable for resilient agricultural crops as well as a thriving national economy. These requirements for pure water are so substantial that disputes amongst regional groups, states, as well as nations arise on a frequent basis regarding the rights to various water sources.
“Don’t waste that water! Kids in Africa don’t even have water to drink!” Almost every American has heard this saying before. We have heard this because there are water shortages in third world countries like Africa, as seen in the movie “Blue Gold”. But why have we developed this notion that there are only water shortages in third world countries? When in reality, there is a shortage of water right here in our home country. The Colorado River’s water is high in demand as it serves millions of people, powers industries, and is home to all different kinds of wildlife. The Colorado River will not be able to keep up with the increasing demand of water and soon enough the river will go dry. Organizations like the Colorado River Water Users Association are trying to change the way that the water is used and adjust how it is managed. The Colorado River is drying up and the western states are running out of water, however, public policy is trying to regulate and preserve the Colorado River to make it more sustainable in the future.
But the function of temple is different from in the past and now. The wealthiest area should be full of business buildings in nowadays, the price of land will be expensive. If the temple places in the center of two wealthiest cities, land, it will reduce the commercial value of the land. Fort Funston is far away from the city center, it won’t take up the land for urban development. Moreover, the article claims, “The isthmus lies between the Korinthian Gulf to the west, and the Saronic Gulf to the east. The Panhellenic site at
Lying within the borders of modern day Iraq, with some parts in Syria and Turkey, Mesopotamia – means “The Land between the Rivers”, refers to the Tigris and Euphrates. The ancient Greek words “mesos” meaning between and “potamos” meaning river and the suffix “ia” for a place. The two rivers also named by the Greeks, were known to the Mesopotamians as Idiglat and Buranum.
Jared Diamond, the author of Collapse: How societies choose to fail or succeed, has introduced the five major frameworks on the subject of possibility leading countries to collapse, human impacts on the environment and climate change, declining relations with friendly neighbors, relations with hostile societies and societies’ responses to their problems. Lebanon has been facing two main problems which are related to Diamond’s frameworks, relations with hostile society and societies’ responses to their problems. In terms of the environmental crisis, Lebanon has been facing numerous problems concerning to the environmental damage since the ongoing conflicts with Israel and Syria. During the war between Israel and Hezbollah, the fierce conflict caused many destructive damage to the environment. The bombing of Jiyeh power plant produced a contaminant pollutio...
This is because only a small part of the population, particularly in developing countries, have access to water of acceptable quality. It is estimated that in some countries only 20% of the rural population has water of satisfactory quality. Based on these statistics, it is clear the urgent need for awareness about caring for water use. Almost without realizing it, we are seriously jeopardizing this essential resource, not for us but for our children's children and their generations, aware that in other parts o...
The name Babylon means “Gate of God”. The location of the ancient city was along the Euphrates River and today is marked by a long stretch of ruins east of the river. Which is ninety kilometres south of Baghdad, Iraq. This was one of the main trading points of the ancient world because of its central location.
In Mesopotamia, about two thousand years ago, two civilizations began to thrive. Both cultures were very old and prospered long before the bible was written, as well as before the Greeks and Romans flourished. One that emerged was the civilization of Babylonia, in the southern part near the Persian Gulf (Giokaris, Amalia). It was there that an impressive City began to grow. The ancient city of Babylon was a walled city, with networks of canals. To go along with this architecture, there were green crops surrounding the city. In the middle of the square was a giant 300 foot high ziggurat, filled with plants and sculptures. People lived inside the wall that surrounded the city, where they had lavish sized homes. Even the lowest class had typically three levels of living space. Traders filled the streets with fresh fruit, baked b...
Barbarossa, whose name was originally Khizr, was born the late 1400’s on the Ottoman island of Midilli Lesbos. He had three brothers and two sisters, but not much is known about his sisters. His mother is thought to have been a local Christian Greek woman from Mytilene, and his father is thought to have been a Greek renegade from Yakup who took part in the Ottoman conquest of Lesbos in 1462. Eventually, all four of the brothers became seamen, working as sailors. However, they eventually became privateers in the Mediterranean. As Aruj and Ilyas operated in the Levant, Khizr operated in the Aegean Sea. As the two brothers, Aruj and Ilyas, were returning from a trading expedition in Tripoli they were attacked by the Knights of St. John. Aruj was taken prisoner in a castle at Bodrum, and Ilyas was killed. Once Barbarossa found out where his brother was being held...
Water Issues in South Asia If there is any single most important issue that mars bilateral relations among the countries of the subcontinent, it is water. The issues of cross-border water distribution, utilisation, management and mega irrigation/hydro-electric power projects affecting the upper and lower riparian countries are gradually taking centre-stage in defining interstate relations as water scarcity increases and both drought and floods make life too often miserable. Thanks to its location, size and contiguous borders with other South Asian countries, it is India, in its capacity as both upper and lower riparian, that has come into conflict with most of its neighbours, except Bhutan, on the cross-border water issues. Given an atmosphere of mistrust, an upper riparian India has serious issues to resolve with lower riparian Pakistan and Bangladesh and, despite being lower riparian, with the upper riparian Nepal.
Many scientific studies also show increases in the intensity, duration, and extent of droughts, higher atmospheric temperatures, warmer sea surface temperatures, changes in precipitation patterns, and diminishing glaciers and snowpack. The bottom line is that causes of climate change, such as greenhouse gas emissions, will have to be minimized if people want to do as much as possible to solve the water crisis. Works Cited Water demand management: the case of Zaragoza, Spain Web 25 Nov. 2014. http://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/swm_cities_zaragoza_2010/pdf/final_report_swm_cities.pdf.
The problem of water scarcity has increasingly spread throughout the world as of yet, The UN reports that within the next half- century up to 7 billion people in 60 countries which is more than the whole present population will face water scarcity (Sawin “Water Scarcity could Overwhelm the Next Generation”). As well the demand for freshwater has tripled over the past 50 years, and is continuing to rise as a result of population growth and economic development. 70% of this demand derives from agriculture which shows the influence of water on food supply globally as well not just drinking water (Sawin “Water Scarcity could overwhelm the Next Generation”). But increasing water use is not just a matter of the greater number of people needing it to drink and eat; it also comes from pollution and misuse of water supplies, by either dumping or runoff of bacteria or chemicals into water. This also “causes other pollutions as well such as soil and air pollution, accelerating wetland damage and human caused global warming” (Smith and Thomassey 25). According to UN report, recent estimates suggest that climate change will account for about 20 percent of the increase in global water scarcity in coming decades.
Have you ever experienced water shortage? Have you ever paid to access public areas? Have you ever seen a brown river? Welcome to Lebanon. “Thousands have lived without love, none without water” (Auden, 1940). The genuine predicament lies in the mismanagement of the water resources, not in the amount of available water in Lebanon. As the international population is growing, the need for water is increasing at the same rate. Therefore, it is essential to manage the remaining resources rationally for the better of the international community. The epidemic of neglecting the eminence of water in Lebanon is best illustrated when it comes to water pollution, lack of water conservation methods, and unjust beach dredging. On the other hand, this significant issue could be resolved by the collaborative efforts of the Lebanese society and authority.