Fourteen undergraduate students from Middle Tennessee State University participated in exchange for extra credit points in their psychology research methods course. There were 7 females and 7 males. The participants ranged from ages 18 to 30 years (M=20.64, SD=2.98). All the participants had normal vision and were representative of the campus’ general population.
Materials
The experiment was conducted using a Macintosh G4 computer with a standard keyboard, and a 17 in. Viewsonic display screen (screen resolution 1024x768). The “MatLab” software was used to implement the experiment and record participant responses.
The stimuli for this experiment were colored squares, and color names (BLUE, YELLOW, GREEN, and RED). The squares and words would appear in the middle of the screen against a black background. The colored squares were 3in. by 3in., and the color names appeared in 88 point Helvetica font. In the White Ink Color (WIC) condition the color names were only presented in white ink; for example, the word RED would be shown but the ink color would be white. In the Color Only condition (CO) only the colored squares were presented. In the Ink Color and Color Name Congruence (ICCNC) condition the congruent ink color and color name was presented, for example: the word RED would be shown to the participant in red ink. In the Ink Color and Color Name Incongruence (ICCNI) condition were presented where the ink color and the color name were not congruent; for example, the word RED would be shown to the participant in blue ink.
Procedure
Each participant completed the conditions individually in a well lit room. The independent variable was the ‘stimulus type’ and was varied across three levels creating three unique conditions: Color ...
... middle of paper ...
...base.
Logan, G. D., & Zbrodoff, N. J. (1998). Stroop-type interference: Congruity effects in color naming with typewritten responses. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 24(3), 978- 992. Retrieved April 4, 2014, from the PsycARTICLES database.
MacLeod, C. M. (1991). Half a century of research on the Stroop effect: An integrative review. Psychological Bulletin, 109(2), 163-203. Retrieved April 4, 2014, from the PsycArticles database.
Salo, R., Henik, A., & Robertson, L. C. (2001). Interpreting Stroop interference: An analysis of differences between task versions. Neuropsychology, 15(4), 462-471. Retrieved April 24, 2014, from the PsycArticles database.
Stroop, J. R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18(6), 643- 662. Retrieved March 27, 2014, from the PsycARTICLES database.
Schacter, D. L., Gilbert, D. T., & Wegner, D. M. (2010). Psychology. (2nd ed., p. 600). New York: Worth Pub.
...ffect. This theory suggests that recognizing and naming colors is not an “automatic process”. The attention need to be shifted from word to recognition of color; and there is hesitancy to respond; whereas, reading a word is habitual. The brain automatically understands the meaning and the phonetics of the word. The habituation of the reading task does not require controlled attention. Hence it is easier to read a word than to recognize the color of the word. More than theorizing on the phenomenon of Stroop effect, there is application value to this study. The experimental data and observations in the current study are very vital that it can be applied in many situations where the correctness is important than the speed. This information has the widest application in selection of individuals in occupations requiring instance data processing and correct responses.
The independent variables in this experiment are the time and the foils presented to the subject. The dependent variable is the discrimination index. The...
Gleitman, H., Gross,, J., & Reisberg, D. (2011). Psychology. New York: W. W. Norton & Co..
In a study done by V. S. Ramachandran and Zeve Marcus, seven synaesthetes and thirteen non-synaesthetes were tested on their personal effects of the McCollough effect (2017). Collectively, this study showed that the observations made could prove the possibility that the McCollough effect can take advantage of the color connections that synesthetes already possess to strengthen the effects.
...ce for increased activity in visual areas or the fusiform gyrus, which is connected with color perception. These results have shown that spoken words result in co-activation of color processing areas, but not visual areas connected with the perceptual process of color. Sadly, the conclusions don’t reveal which perceptual or cognitive processes might cause the difference with people with synaesthesia and the controls.
Ciccarelli, S. K., & White, J. N. (2012). Psychology (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Davis, S. F., & Palladino, J. J. (2003). Psychology. (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Wood, S. Wood, E. Boyd, D. (2014). Mastering the World of Psychology. A. Chow(Ed.). Jersey, NJ: Text.
The researchers had the participants’ complete three parts of the experiment: the learning phase, the TNT phase and the final memory phase. In the learning phase, the participants were presented forty eight object image pairs and asked to recall them. The participants were asked to learn a behavioral response for each item. The participants were then shown one of the forty eight objects and asked to press a key indicating left or right depending on the strength of the associated picture. After this, participants were then shown the correct related picture for two seconds as response. ...
Gall, S. B., Beins, B., & Feldman, A. (2001). The gale encyclopedia of psychology. (2nd ed., pp. 271-273). Detroit, MI: Gale Group.
The Department of Psychology. (2007). About the Department. Available: http://www.isites.harvard.edu/icb/icb.do?keyword=k3007&pageid=icb.page19708&pageContentId=icb.pagecontent44003&view=view.do&viewParam_name=allport.html. Last accessed 7th Jan 2014.
Edited by Raymond J. Corsini. Encyclopedia of Psychology, Second Edition, Volume 1. New York: John Wiley and Sons Inc.
Weiner, I. Healy, A. Freedheim, D. Proctor,R.W., Schinka,J.A. (2003) Handbook of Psychology: Experimental psychology,18, pp 500
Doyle, Megan. “Testing Relationship between Color and Sight.” Education.com. 2014. Web. 30 October 2013. .