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It’s 3100 B.C. and James was digging gigantic holes that were going to be about 33 meters in diameter (“Allman 36”). He was digging these holes on Salisbury Plain, Wiltshire, South England. James and the other workers tried to make a living by digging these huge holes day in and day out. James and the other workers were digging these holes to later on build the mysterious Stonehenge. These blocks of stone weighed up to 50 tons and the digging of the holes took many hours of labor (“About”). It was also very hard work and took much dedication if they wanted to build Stonehenge perfect. For James he only worked on the diggings for 35 years. The digging only took a couple thousand years, but all together it took over 30 million hours of labor to complete Stonehenge (“About”). It took a lot more people other than James to complete Stonehenge. Stonehenge was constructed into three phases (“About”). These three phases of construction were the most important steps on the construction of Stonehenge. After the three stages are completed there should be a wonderful Stonehenge. This remarkable landmark will later on be visited and toured by millions of people from all around the world.
It’s the year 3000B.C. and the first phase has begun. Although a couple hundred years ago people were starting the first phase, they didn’t complete it. The first phase was mostly trying to get the holes dug out to put the pillars in place in the second and third phases of Stonehenge. The reason that the first phase wasn’t complete a couple of hundred years back was because a lot of people didn’t know what they were doing. The people also didn’t know what was going to happen if they messed up. So here we are in 3000B.C. and the first phase ha...
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... able to predict eclipses (“Stonehenge”). They also wouldn’t be able to predict star patterns, moon and sun motions (“Stonehenge”). The last stage took around 500 years to finish. Stonehenge was a remarkable landmark that was a master piece to thousands of workers and generations. When Stonehenge was completed, the man in charge went by the name of Richard. Richard said, “This gorgeous landmark will be viewed from people all around the world, and will be one of the greatest creations that the human being has ever created.” Richard also said, “Future generations should take great care of this remarkable creation.”
It was the year 1922 when the British government began to restore Stonehenge (“Hamlin”). This restoration would benefit Stonehenge because most of the rocks were eroding. The eroded, cracked, and damaged rocks were later on carted away (“Hamlin”).
Monument 14 is an exciting, compelling novel, written by Emmy Laybourne with 352 pages that tells the story of 14 kids that are living through what seems to be the apocalypse. It was published by Square Fish Inc. on May 28, 2013 and it is a realistic fiction novel. I chose to read this book because the informant at the bookstore told me that it was popular and had a great story to it, which she described to me briefly. I hoped to have a book that put me in a situation that would not normally happen with lots of action, adventure, and unpredictability.
Stonehenge: a Human Vulva or Temple, or something else…? The content of this project is based on the largest and most complete megalithic structure in Europe, The Stonehenge. It resides in center of the southern England; on the wide spread Salisbury Plains. It is said to be old approximately four thousand years, and it is even considered older than the Great Pyramids of Egypt.
There is an ongoing debate on whether the Parthenon Marbles, now located in London, England, should be returned to their original homeland of Athens, Greece. The marbles were removed from the Parthenon by Lord Elgin from 1801-1812 and transported to England. They were sold to the British government in 1816 and put in the British Museum where they have been for the last 200 years. I believe that the marbles should now be returned to Greece, not only because of the method and circumstances surrounding their removal, but because they are original pieces of the oldest and most symbolic structure in Greek history that epitomizes the pinnacle of Ancient Classical Greece and the beginning of western democracy through artistic ingenuity.
in the uneducated minds of popular culture from tie seventeenth century to the present. It
Stonehenge is located on Salisbury Plain in Southern England. Although it is not the largest henge (circle of stones) of the Neolithic Period, it is a remarkable site because it is one of the most complicated megalithic sites. Stonehenge was repeatedly reworked from 3100 to 1500 B.C.E. (Encyclopedia Brittanica 287). Each new major building phase added new elements to the site. The present-day arrangement at Stonehenge is the result of the last building phase which ended nearly 3,500 years ago.
Stonehenge is located in Southern England on what is known as the Salisbury Plain. The structure looks different than it once did, however. Today, Stonehenge suffers the effects of time and pernicious acts by people. Originally, in the years after completion, the structure was made up of “several concentric circles of megaliths, very large stones.” (5) Stonehenge consists a circular layout of approximately one hundred megaliths. On the tops of them another flat stone was placed to make a continuous ring of horizontal stones. These structures are known as trilithons.
The Parthenon is an amazing Greek temple that was built 2,500 years ago. Even the architects of today have numerous questions about how it was constructed and how it has held up through its eventful past. The Parthenon's detailed appearance is not its only meaningful quality. The Parthenon was constructed as a temple to the goddess, Athena, and as an icon of the Greek people themselves. The Parthenon represents the Greek ideals of humanism, idealism, and rationalism.
The first permanent stone fortifications was built in Jericho. They constructed the building using roughly shaped stones laid without mortar (Kleiner, 24). Once Jericho’s inhabitants left their site, a different group of people came to settle there. They used different techniques, “…established a farming community of rectangular mud-brick houses on stone foundations with plastered and painted floors and walls” (Kleiner, 25). The megalithic tomb in Ireland was built in the form of a passage grave. “At Newgrandge, the huge megaliths forming the vaulted passage and the dome are held in place by their own weight without mortar, each stone countering the thrust o neighboring stones. Decorating some of the megaliths are incised spirals and other motifs” (Kleiner, 27). The main chamber used early examples of corralled vaulting and in addition the Newgrandge tomb illuminates sunlight through the passage and the burial chamber during the winter solstice. Nearing the end of the fourth millennium BCE, Neolithic civilization had spread in every diffraction even to small remote areas. “…Hagar Quim is one of many constructed on Malta between 3200 and 2500 BCE” (Kleiner, 27).The builders of Malta constructed the temple by pilling cut stone blocks very carefully in stacked horizontal rows. “To construct the doorways at Hagar Qim, the builders employed the post-and-lintel system in which two upright stones
Behind every great structure in the world, there are the people who made them, and who took the time and effort to design them. Those who made Stonehenge succeeded in creating an incredibly complex and mysterious structure that lived on long after its creators were dead. The many aspects of Stonehenge and the processes by which it was built reveal much about the intelligence and sophistication of the civilizations that designed and built the monument, despite the fact that it is difficult to find out who exactly these people were. They have left very little evidence behind with which we could get a better idea of their everyday lives, their culture, their surroundings, and their affairs with other peoples. The technology and wisdom that are inevitably required in constructing such a monument show that these prehistoric peoples had had more expertise than expected.
Stonehenge was built in several different phases beginning with the large white circle, 330 feet in diameter, surrounded by an eight foot-high embankment and a ring of fifty-six pits now referred to as the Aubrey Holes.(Stokstad, p.53; Hoyle) In a subsequent building phase, thirty huge pillars of stone were erected and capped by stone lintels in the central Sarsen Circle, which is 106 feet in diameter.(Stokstad, p.54) This circle is so named because the stone of which the pillars and lintels were made was sarsen. Within the Sarsen Circle were an incomplete ring and a horsesho...
...though, today a current restoration project has been continuing in order to reconstruct the Parthenon and is almost finished.
There are some, however, who have speculated as to what the giant stone structure could have been constructed for. Theories such as observatory, burial grounds, temple, and others are much debated among those who care to look into these matters. Among those who do not care to question its existence, Stonehenge is just a large pile of huge stones that happen to make a circle. No matter which side a person might take, there is no definite way to prove what Stonehenge was used for. There is no way to know because there are no written records of the construction of Stonehenge, there are not even depictive carvings on the stones themselves that suggest a purpose to the massive
...e as a sacrifice or just for food (Balter, 2014). This means people would have traveled potentially long distances to reach these special events. Rituals at Stonehenge, Durrington Walls, and Woodhenge were likely a huge deal at this time, big enough to attract people all over the region. The people of Late Neolithic Britain were kinship based people who highly revered the dead and honored them with building great structures. These structures remain today and researchers constantly discover new things and ask new questions about them. The solstitial alignments of Stonehenge, Woodhenge, and Durrington Walls made them each a huge part of a ritual that was significant for the peoples’ culture. It shows their advances in knowledge of the rising and setting sun, and they used those events to create magnificent structures that attract the awe of thousands of people today.
Windsor Castle is one of England’s most dominant structures. The castle was built around 1070 by William the Conqueror. It stands about 21 miles west of London in a parameter town called Windsor. Edward III rebuilt the castle around 1344, but many kings have contributed their own share to the enormous structure. The castle is located above the Thames river. It surrounds a park called Little Park, which joins the Great Park south of Windsor. Home Park connects the castle on the north, east, and south side; while Great Park is south of Home Park. Within the castle walls there is a spectacular artificial lake called Virginia Water (http://www.interlog.com/~lontours/windsor.html).
The mysteries of Stonehenge on the Salisbury Plains of England have perplexed human-kind since the beginning of recorded history. Some of the stones weighing as much as 40 tons were said to be transferred from Wales, which was a distance of about 137 miles. With the use of radiocarbon analysis at the site of Stonehenge it has been determined that the monument was built between 3000 and 1500 BC. The original purpose of Stonehenge has been lost in the pages of time, and therefore has been a major topic of discussion for archaeologists. Since the mid 12th century archaeologist, geologists, historians, and even some authors have put forth their own opinion of when and why Stonehenge was built. Throughout this essay I shall analyse and interpret different theories on Stonehenge in an attempt to understand what we know so far. It is in the mid 1100’s that we come across our first theory on Stonehenge, given by Geoffrey of Monmouth.