ow levels of body fat are a value to the performance of a number of sports. Thus, athletes often pursue fat loss. Sometimes this is chronically, and others attempt to reduce body mass and body fat acutely so they may compete in a certain weight class in weight-categorized sports.
Body fat is the most important component of mass loss, and lean body mass loss should be minimized when possible. To loss fat mass, both an exercise and eating program should be combined to provide a sustained and moderate energy deficit, but still allows the athlete to meet their nutritional needs.it is important to avoid rapid weight loss as due to possible health concerns and drastic decreases in performance.
Caloric restriction diets are often employed to
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Often individuals fail to maintain sufficient energy expenditure and/or a healthy calorically controlled dietary intake (Tate et al. (2007. Additionally deviations of an individual’s bodyweight also may trigger compensatory mechanisms in lipoprotein lipase activity, Ghrelin level alterations, and decrease in thermogenesis (Major et al., 2007; Dulloo, 2007).
Lipoprotein lipase
Lipoprotein Lipase is the enzyme responsible for fat synthesis and storage in adipose tissue which appears to become more active when a weight loss of approximately 15% of total body weight occurs due to signaling of increased appetite, particularly of that of fat, as well as an increased ability for other excess macronutrients to be converted to fatty acids (Gershoff, 1991, 1992; Nash, 1987; Schelkun,
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It should be noted that obese individuals appear leptin resistant and loss exhibit high levels of leptin whose function is blocked while simultaneously being overly sensitive to ghrelin (Ruda et al., 2006; Klok et al., 2007).
Research shows evidence that fat restrictions avoid increases in ghrelin caused by caloric restrictions (Weigle et al., 2003). This avoidance in ghrelin increase my make maintained of weight loss easier (Hansen et al., 2002; Klok et al., 2007; Leidy et al., 2007; Romon et al., 2006). Protein ingestion also appears to suppress ghrelin for long periods. Carbohydrates, however, initially suppress ghrelin more than protein but causes a rebound effect leading to higher levels of ghrelin hours after ingestion(Foster-Schubert et al., 2008).Ghrelin levels are counter regulatory mechanism for short but not long term energy deficiencies and thus return to baseline after several months of lower body mass (Garcia et al.,
In 1994, Zhang et al discovered the Ob gene and the hormone leptin1. This brought about the idea that obesity might have genetic-related factors and may not simply involve lack of self-control and overeating in the individual. The Ob gene regulates the amount of body fat storage in the body2. When the Ob gene signals, the hormone leptin is secreted from adipocytes1 and it travels to the hypothalamus in the brain2. This signals the hypothalamus to induce a feeling of satiety2. In other words, leptin secretion causes the stomach to feel full and ceases the necessity for eating. Once this discovery was made, the idea of obesity treatment came into play. If a hormone with satiety-inducing effects can be utilized for treatment then obesity may possibly become a null issue. Unfortunately this is an issue that still stands today – 20 years after the discovery of leptin.
Lipid metabolism is one source of energy for the human body. We eat food containing one form of lipids, triacylglycerols. Before starting lipid metyabolism, these fats get broken down into droplets by bile salts.Triacylglycerols can be broken into fatty acids plus glycerol via hydrolysis with the help of the pancreatic lipase enzymen and then get used by cells for energy by breaking down even further. Once the pancreas and cells have enough energy and don’t need to absorb anymore, fatty acids get synthesized back into triacylgleryols. The excess triacylglycerols get stored in adipose tissue. Excess storage leads to weight gain and obesity.
In a typical healthy adult, reductions in food intake is quite rare. Reducing the caloric intake of a typical adult inhibits our ability to fight diseases.
Obesity is a very complex condition as there are many physiological and psychological dimensions to it. The complications accompanying the disease are multiple and are associated with the increased risk of many other medical conditions. It is thought that we live in an obesogenic environment due to an interaction of environmental, developmental and cultural influences. With the main cause of the disorder thought to be due to a combination of a sedentary lifestyle accompanied by an increased consumption of poor quality food with a high calorie and sugar content. The lack of energy expenditure could be explained by many individuals working a large number of hours, most days of the week in jobs that require minimal physical activity and it is often difficult to accomplish the recommended ...
Body composition is divided into two separate types of mass fat-free mass which is comprised of all of the body’s non-fat tissues and body fat. Fat-free mass includes bone, water, muscle, and tissues (Scott, 2013). Fats, bones, and muscle are the main components of the body which is formally known as mine the body’s state of being lean overall. A high percentage of body fat can have a negative effect on overall well-being of an individual (Scott, 2013). Large amount of fat stored in certain places on the body it can put that person at a higher risk for disease like high blood pressure, high cholesterol, hypertension, cancer, increase risk heart conditions, and/or stroke. This paper will go over the most effective method of reducing body composition that was performed by individual in a 10 week period and was evaluated through multiple methods.
Metabolism factors affect obesity. They way one’s body might use energy is very diverse amongst humans. The weight one gain depends on one’s hormones and metabolisms and these factors are different in every person. The hormone that controls an individual’s hunger is called ghrelin. Gherlin stimulates hunger and bestows a feeling of satiety. Based on how an individual’s body is programmed, regulating one’s eating habits will help normalize one’s weight.
Hunger regulation is one of the biggest problems for someone who is trying to lose weight. When our bodies start to lose stored fat, the chemicals and transmitters in the body mount a defense because they believe it could be the start of a famine. Chemicals are released that boost appetite and try to conserve energy. This leads to a drop in metabolism as well as a boost in hunger or motivation to eat more.
As you know obesity is a major healthcare issue globally. Scientist are still trying to understand this complex problem . Metabolism and behavioral factors appear to play a role in this serious condition. Food that our bodies do not immediately use or burn is stored as fat. This accumulation of fat can lead to weight gain, which can lead to obesity. We can fight obesity with simple nutritional changes and with a change in our everyday lives. Amercian views on obesity are not as strong as they should be .Obesity is a condition which is usually defined as person's body mass index (BMI). Obesity can also used as a general term for a person that has an excessive amount of body fat. Many people have argued that the obesity epidemic is very overblown and inaccurate, but they do not deny that obesity overall are indeed serious. A epidemic is a disease in which new cases appear in numbers far greater than what is expected. It was seen as a sign of h...
Although many individuals are uncertain about the increasing statistics associated with obesity, more than seventy percent of men and virtually sixty-two percent of women within the United States adult population are overweight or obese (Wilmore, Costill, & Kenney). Obesity refers to the condition of having an excessive amount of body fat. If an individual’s amount of body fat becomes too excessive, he/she is at a much greater risk of developing life-altering diseases such as heart failure, hypertension, type II diabetes, cancer, gallbladder disease, osteoarthritis, etc. (Wilmore, et al., 2008).
rid of fat in the body by building muscle tissue, muscle tissue helps in burning fat.
Lebrausser, Nathan K. "'Weight Training' Reduces Fat And Improve Metabolism In Mice." Science Daily: News & Articles in Science, Health, Environment & Technology. Science Daily, 7 Feb. 2008. Web. 31 Mar. 2011. .
Their researchers, reported in JCI, discovered a particular form of a gene, previously linked to obesity, is known as FTO. FTO is a gene that is traced to increasing the crave for high-fattening foods. In addition to the studies linked to obesity and the various tests, scientists have also found recent genes that have been linked to obesity. The first gene that is related to obesity is leptin. Leptin is considered to be the "obesity hormone", leptin is made by fat cells and is the thermostat for the body 's energy needs. In each individual their own leptin entrance, if for any reason the leptin levels fall below the correct amount, the brain understands that the body is starving, and needs more calories, if maintained or exceed the correct amount,, the brain knows that it does not need any more food. In obese patrons, they have higher leptin levels in their blood. However, researchers have confidence that obese people are not getting the signal to stop eating. Another gene is ghrelin. Ghrelin is the gene that is the appetite hormone, making the food look more desirable. Studies have shown that people who are sleep-deprived have increased ghrelin levels, The final gene that is allegedly relates to obesity is neuropeptide Y. Neuropeptide Y triggers eating by manipulating the appetite, resulting in mood swings and high stress levels (Health). According to the bariatric surgery source, obesity
Metcalf, T., & Metcalf, G. (Eds.). (2008). Perspectives on Diseases and Disorders: Obesity. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Cengage Learning
Weight management has been thought of as only weight loss by many. Weight management covers all aspects of attaining and maintaining optimum weight for a healthy lifestyle. Health professionals now realize that prevention of weight gain as well as weight loss and improving health status are important goals. These goals must be individualized for success.
Physical activity helps to control your weight by using excess calories that otherwise would be stored as fat. Your body weight is regulated by the number of calories you eat and use each day. Everything you eat contains calories, and everything you do uses calories, including sleeping, breathing, and digesting food. Any physical activity in addition to what you normally do will use extra calories.