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Explain the main stages of child development and learning
Explain the main stages of child development and learning
Stage of adolescent
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Social development is the development with age of increasingly sophisticated understanding of other people and society as a whole, as well as increasingly effective interpersonal skills and more internalized standards of behavior (J, Ormrod, 2014). The stages of social development consist of infancy, toddler years, preschool years, elementary years, adolescence years, young adult, middle age, and retirement years (J, Ormrod, 2014). Social development continues throughout one’s life (J, Ormrod, 2014).
During infancy one learns to trust or mistrust others (J, Ormrod, 2014). . This is dependent upon how a child is taken care of by caregivers. If a child’s needs are met early on during life then the child develops a since of trust for others. When a child is not cared for properly its social development will be one of mistrust for adults.
The toddler years are a time of development when a child learns that he/she is able to handle something’s on their own (J, Ormrod, 2014). One can nurture this development by giving child opportunities to explore this new found ability. However...
The first stage of Erik Erikson 's theory of psychosocial development takes place between birth and one year of age. It is the most important stage in life. He named this stage, Trust vs. Mistrust. At this important time in a child’s development, the child is completely dependent on an adult for everything; food, love, warmness, protection, and nurturing. If the caregiver fails to be successful in providing acceptable care and love, the young child will feel that they cannot trust or depend on the adults in their life. When a young child develops trust, the child will feel safe and protected in the world. If a child fails to develop trust,
Erik H. Erikson was born on June 15, 1902 in Frankfurt Germany and died on May 12, 1994. Erikson`s mother raised him by herself until she married a doctor, Theodor Homberger. Erik carried Homberger`s last name, but then later changed his name to Erikson. He changed it because Dr. Homberger was not Erikson`s biological father.
Theorists such as Jean Piaget, Lev Vygotsky, Erik Erikson, Sigmund Freud, and Lawrence Kohlberg have studied and documented information about the stages of childhood development. The three main stages of childhood development are early childhood, middle childhood and adolescence. Each stage contains developmental behaviors and characteristics of different age groups. However, the childhood development stage that this paper is focus on is the middle childhood stage. During this phase in a child’s life, they go through a variety of changes. Such changes include; physical, cognitive, social and emotional changes. According to this course text, HDEV (2010), middle childhood comprises children between the ages of 6 to 12 years. In addition, in relation to the information that is presented in this text about the
The following twelve stages of human development are discussed below which may help in the analysis of the development of the human from the birth to the adulthood.
Eric Erikson believed that there are eight different social stages an individual must go through as they mature. Each of these stages involves a positive characteristic and a negative one. Your future all depends on these characteristics. So to what degree can Erikson’s psychosocial stages of development truly affect us? All I know is that the moment my life changed was the day I saved a man’s life. This moment in my life falls under the 5th stage of Eriksons theories of psychological development. It is at this stage where I was able to develop a “sense of self and personal identity”. I was following Eriksons eight different social stages my whole life and I didn’t even know it; and by the end of it, I was able to find “a reintegrated sense of self, of what one wants to do or be”. (Bee, 1992)
As a developmental psychologist, it is imperative as a professional to provide specific guidelines for the healthy development of infants, children, and adults as they encounter the four main stages of life. These four phases, beginning with pregnancy and birth, leading to infancy and childhood, adolescence, and ending with adulthood, will be discussed in correlation with specific strategies suggested for maintaining a standard rate of growth in an individual as it relates to each particular stage.
Children develop their basic sense of trust at very early age. If the child proceeds through this stage with the proper support, they will learn to trust others. Otherwise, if the parents are violent, abusive, or the environment they grow up in is not safe, then they will lack that inherent trust in others. Later in life, these individuals may become either criminals or the victims of the violence.
According to Erik Erickson, in the first year of a child’s life, the main challenge is to establish trust. After birth, an infant must depend completely on others to fulfill their needs. To create a safe environment for the baby, a caregiver must provide things like food, love, and safety. Overall, if the child’s needs are met, the child should develop a positive and trusting attitude toward the world. This security will allow them to build trust with others in the future. For infants that are mistreated or neglected, the world would seem like a scary place. Sadly, they create a barrier and learn to mistrust others. Also, if the child’s needs are not completely fulfilled, the child may develop an insecure attitude (Romero).
The fourth stage of development occurs between the ages of 5 and 12 years old. As children enter elementary school, their social circle expands to include their teachers and peers. Children also begin to form their own identities independent of family members. In elementary school, the desire to excel academically as well as socially plays an important role in building the self-confidence of a child. Children strive to achieve goals while seeking approval from family members, teachers and peers. If children fail to succeed academically or fit in with their
Erik Erikson viewed socioemotional development as the challenges that we faced throughout life and he also created the eight stages of socioemotional development: infancy, toddlerhood preschool, preadolescence, adolescence, young adulthood, middle adulthood, and old age to explain how we go through life (Macionis, 2017). The social theories of development were viewed differently by a sociologist named George Herbert Mead, who viewed that our identities are developed through social interaction and in order to engage in that process, we have to view ourselves through the eyes of the people around us (Theories of Self-Development). How this relates to my social group is that the members of my family experience socioemotional development differently. We are all going the different stages of life and developing in our own way and we all have our own individual social groups of friends and others to help go through
...preschool years they will learn to initiate and carry out tasks based on experience or exposure to those tasks. Interactions with parents, teachers, peers, and other adults are important in a child's life. These relationships actually shape the brain and lay the foundation for later developmental outcomes, from academic performance to mental health and interpersonal skills.
Wertlieb, Donald. "Child." World Book Advanced. World Book, 2011. Web. 16 Aug. 2011.Retrieved from http://www.worldbookonline.com/advanced/article?id=ar110700&st=middle+childhood+development&sc=1#h4
1.) Trust vs. Mistrust: Infancy (birth to 18 months) During this stage an infant is defenseless, afraid and relies primarily on their caregivers for the essentials of life. The infant is uncertain of what the world around them is all about; they learn safety, stability and consistency of care from their caregivers. If
Erik Erickson has devised a theory of psychosocial development. It explains the impact of social experience throughout a life time. The first stage is infancy. This occurs between birth and the ages of 1, is called trust versus mistrust. This is the most fundamental stage in life. A baby during this time is completely dependent on its care takers. It needs food, love, and nourishment. If the baby is not given those things during this particular time it is not going to have trust in the adults in its life. While no child can have one hundred percent trust or one hundred percent distrust there can be balance. When this occurs, hope in the baby can be achieved. The second stage is early childhood. At this stage the child is starting to become
The adolescent period is a transitional period of physical and psychological development. This is the stage between puberty and young adulthood. It is a stage associated with the teenage years that is characterize by stress, crises and conflicts in resolving identity issues, and keen sense of independence in decision making. The adolescent stage is a difficult developmental stage for adolescents. Friendship is a stage in interpersonal relationship where those concerned share common interest and feelings at a certain level. It is a supportive relationship that provides resources for adjusting and coping with developmental tasks of that stage and even beyond. This is the stage of detachment from parents and learning attachment to others developing