Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) began in 1936 with the largest hurdle to speed and accuracy being the lack of computer speed and power. Today, most RAM levels are 500 MB and above with transcription speeds exceeding 160 words per minute with accuracy levels of 95%. At the initiation of speech recognition, research was funded and performed by universities and the U.S. Government. The military as well as the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) were the primary government agencies responsible for the research and funding for automatic speech recognition. However, speech recognition programs were not marketed commercially until the early 1980s (History of speech recognition, 1999). In 1982, the first organization to initiate a marketable product was Covox. Through Voice Master, Sound Master, and the Speech Thing, digital sound was brought to the Commodore 64, Atari 400/800, and lastly to the IBM PC in the mid 1980s. This technology enabled the beginning of speech recognition programs. Dragon Systems was founded in 1982, and is known to be the prevailing leader in the speech recognition market. James and Janet Baker were responsible for its institution. While graduate students at Rockefeller University, they began studying waveforms of speech on an oscilloscope. There were systems in place at the time that could only recognize a few hundred words of speech, and only then if the system had adapted to the speaker’s voice and the speaker paused between words. Due to lack of speech understanding experts and appropriate computer power, the Bakers relocated to Carnegie Mellon University who were a prime contractor for DARPA’s Speech Understanding Research program. Their approach was different from other rese... ... middle of paper ... ...Business Source Premier database Chaudhary, RS. (2009, October 26). Dealertrack integrates dealer management system kia motors america. Retrieved from http://outbound-call-center.tmcnet.com/topics/outbound call-center/articles/67461-dealertrack-integrates-dealer-management-system-kia-motors america.htm DealertTrack: New rules better tools. (2010, July). Retrieved from https://www.dealertrack.com/public/login.fcc?TYPE=33554432&REALMOID= 6 fd77313c-8b24-11d4-aa8c 000629858070&GUID=&SMAUTHREASON=0&METHOD=GET&SMAGE TNAME=EXVyjKivc4Q68KrEOvPT0D3H3dc5CAquLW8boKTiEerrIOHS8Fj 7HXAQjCiepzz&TARGET=-SM-%2f DealerTrack. (n.d). DealerTrack Holdings, Inc. Retrieved from Datamonitor Company Profiles Authority database. Sawyers, A. (2009). DealerTrack online system upgrades tools for dealers. Automotive News, 84(6383), 18-1NULL. Retrieved from Business Source Premier database.
Then came the first jukebox that was placed in the Palais Royale Saloon in 1889 in San Francisco. A few years later in 1890 the radio was intruded which is still around to this day in cars mostly. The single tape cassettes came around in 1962; two years later in 1964 came the 8-track tape. In 1975 the boom box/ghetto blaster had its days; it played a big role in movies like Do The Right Thing and Say Anything. 1978 the Sony Walkman sold more than the two hundred twenty million worldwide.
After The Warner Brothers put a patent on the vitaphone eventually “Don Juan”, premiered in 1926, this was not the first talking film but the film had a musical soundtrack which was a big advance in technology getting other companies thinking about producing films
A man named Thaddeus Cahill is said to have developed the first electronic instrument named the Telharmonium. This instrument was not made for the purpose of electronic music, it was used to broadcast music in restaurants and other public areas. “Cahill has never realized his plan, but his ideas were not so bad because today we make massive use of streaming media.” (The History Of Electronic Music, 2013)
Closed captioning, the technology that made history for being the first deaf accessible programing by converts speech into legible text for the Deaf community to be able to follow along on televisions. Since its debut it has assisted many people from the deaf and hearing community. Through the years closed captioning has evolved and has become a necessity to people all over the world.
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. Web. The Web. The Web.
In 1953 it was estimated that there were 100 computers in the world. Computers built between 1959 and 1964 are often regarded as the "second generation" computers, based on transistors and printed circuits - resulting in much smaller computers. 1964 the programming language PL/1 released by IBM. 1964 the launch of IBM 360. These first series of compatible computers. In 1970 Intel introduced the first RAM chip. In 1975 IBM 5100 was released. In 1976 the Apple Computer Inc. was founded, to market Apple I Computer. Designed to Stephen Wozinak and Stephan Jobs. In 1979 the first compact disk was released around 1981 IBM announced PC, the standard model was sold for $2,880.00.
was introduce in 1971. IBM then came out with more advance computers such as System/38 in 1978 and the AS / 400 in 1988.
Another invention that is now frequently used is the computer. The concept was made in 1822, by Charles Babbage, but it wasn’t until 1837 when he ...
Delgado, R & Kobayashi, T 2011. Proceedings of the Paralinguistic Information and its Integration in Spoken Dialogue Systems Workshop. 1st ed. Springer.
In 1985 the company produced (in China) the first computer of its own design (the "Turbo PC").
Despite the short amount of time since the introduction of the smartphone, the rapid development of the software and technology has had a tremendous effect on the everyday life of society today. The concept of communicating through a telephone was developed in the 1870s. Devices to transmit speech electrically were designed by Elisha Gray and Alexander Graham Bell, but Bell's design was patented first. On March 10, 1876, Alexander Graham Bell achieved one of his greatest successes in the making of the telephone. This brought upon a major change in communication and gave leeway to the improvement of the telephone in the days to come (Bellis, 2013b).
The First Generation of Computers The first generation of computers, beginning around the end of World War 2, and continuing until around the year 1957, included computers that used vacuum tubes, drum memories, and programming in machine code. Computers at that time where mammoth machines that did not have the power our present day desktop microcomputers. In 1950, the first real-time, interactive computer was completed by a design team at MIT. The "Whirlwind Computer," as it was called, was a revamped U.S. Navy project for developing an aircraft simulator.
Jurafsky, D. & Martin, J. H. (2009), Speech and Language Processing: International Version: an Introduction to Natural Language Processing, Computational Linguistics, and Speech Recognition, 2nd ed, Pearson Education Inc, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
...he Telephone ~ Bell worked on the harmonic telegraph with his assistant, the electrician Thomas Watson. However, Bell thought of another idea; he believed that he could create a device that would transmit speech electrically. Secretly, he and Watson worked on this device. The first successful two-way conversation of clear speech by Bell and Watson was made on March 10, 1876 when Bell spoke into the device, “Mr. Watson, come here, I want to see you.” The men were jubilant after Watson heard the message and came to Bell’s side. Bell did not want to patent the device, since he believed that he needed to improve on it. However, Hubbard found out about the device and applied a patent for it without Bell’s permission. Coincidentally, Bell’s rival Elisha Gray applied for a patent for a telephone-like device, but since Bell’s patent was applied for first, he won the patent.
Computers are now being used to help the blind with a voice synthesizer that tells them what they are typing or what they are trying to see on the screen. According to Palmer (1999),"CCS builds and sells complete handicapped accessible packages, as well as individual products like speech synthesizes voice cards and screen enlargement software. The screen enlargement programs increase type size to aid people who are partially impaired. Those with total blindness use synthesizers both hardware and software versions that read what's on the screen. They work by translating ASCI symbols, the series of code each letter and graphic is assigned into voice transmissions.