Cooperation is a behavior designed to benefit the group rather than the individual. This ultimately benefits the individual, which is the purpose of cooperation. It is the process of groups of organisms working or acting together for common or mutual benefit, or an independent relationship of individuals united intentionally to meet their common economic, social, needs and goals through together claimed and democratically controlled business. In the simplest form, cooperation involve not only individual but two or more than two people who work together to achieved a same target. Nowadays, cooperation issue are very common between female and male. Common stereotypes would believe that male are more competitive and female more cooperative. …show more content…
One of the research was published by Nikolas, Roberto and Miltadis (2015), what their experiment aim was to examine gender effects reported in a social dilemma through Facebook profile owners by sending personal invitations via Facebook interest groups. They observed gender effects on the cooperation style of participants that using Facebook frequently to communicate with friends, family, colleagues and also business acquaintances. The intention of Facebook use and the intensity of use affect the gender differences in cooperation styles in the social dilemma of the profile owners. In particular, they test whether the male or female population will demonstrate a significant difference in both the conditional and unconditional choice cooperation styles, taking into account (a) the individual’s high or low intensity of Facebook use, along with (b) the individual’s intention to communicate with only friends, family or with colleagues as well. Having discussed the significance of the intensity of use, they will proceed a description of the contribution rates in the social dilemma. To classify the participants for their analysis, they created four categorical variables based on the following …show more content…
The purpose of this study are to provide a review of literature about the gender gap in Higher Education and gender differences in cooperation and competitiveness. Currently females participate equally or more than males at all education levels, including Higher Education. However, literature refers that females still face biases and barriers in specific fields of science and mathematics (Wood, 2009). They use Mini Research Project (MRP) and Device Experiments (DE) this two strategies to make a questionnaire. Participation in MRP was voluntary and could choose whom they wanted to work with and organize themselves in groups of 2 students. The 12 students (7 male and 5 female) that managed to finish the MRP were organized in 3 mixed gender groups, 1 only female group and 2 only male groups. DE were small science demonstrations made by a lab technician to small groups of 4 students. Participation in DE was voluntary, but students were previously selected and invited to participate according to their grades. Gender balance was taken into consideration to the arrangement of groups, resulting one only-male group, one only-female group and one mixed-gender group (2 male and 2 female). The result of this study is that female students are more cooperative than their male counterparts and that male students are more competitive than
Morality evolved to solve this problem of cooperation. The essence of morality is altruism, however there is a tendency for people to prefer group affiliations rather than individual interests or the interests of other groups (23). Morality helps avoid the Tragedy of the Commons, but not the Tragedy of Commonsense Morality (26). The Tragedy of Commonsense Morality is the separation between Us vs. Them outlined in the Parable of the New Pastures (15). In order to thrive with Commonsense Morality, humans developed a metamorality that allows conflicting moralities to live together
Cooperation in our global world is essential for harmony and peace. In Blood on the River, Carbone shows us the importance of friends, colonists, and natives. This relates to our modern world, which cooperation is important to live life. Without cooperation, we would not be able to work with other countries and the people around us. Even in our modern world, cooperation is still the key to
The United Kingdom did a survey in 2003 where the objective was to identify gender issues in the academic performances of boys and girls during classroom laboratories. This study was done on adolescent children that explored the idea of what would be said about girls and boys who stated that they did or did not like science. The conclusion was predicted with the group of imaginary girls and boys. That is participants were to mark traits of girls and boys in their class that they did not know. Girls who liked science were found less feminine than girls who disliked science (Breakwell, Glynis; Robertson, Toby. 449). Oddly enough girls and boys who scored themselves did not give ratings that girls that liked science were considered less feminine. However, boys rated boys who disliked science more feminine. It appears that boys are pres...
Travis Hirschi presented a social bonding theory in 1969. The main idea of the social bonding theory is that each and every individual has a drive to act in selfish and even aggressive ways that might possibly lead to criminal behavior. Social bonding theory is somewhat have similarities with the Durkheim theory that “we are all animals, and thus naturally capable of committing criminal acts” (Tibbetts, 2012, p. 162). However, the stronger a person is bonded to the conventional society, for example, family, schools, communities, the less prone a person is to be involved in criminal activity. The great example of this would be the serial killer Nannie Doss. Since early age she did not have any bonds either to her family with an abusive father or to community she lived in. Most of the time during her childhood she was isolated from any social interactions with her schoolmates or friends.
Promoting gender equity in STEM courses in high school is a crucial step in the direction of postsecondary achievement in related careers. But all too often, students Students are often afraid to try something new and of failing in front of others. Students who chronically under-perform in math and science, thinking they are not competent to excel in these subjects, are at risk of giving up.
What I learned about the social construction of difference conceptually means the differences in society that people perceive individuals are morally consist of gender and race, sexual orientation, ethnicity, and social class. Theoretically, according to Allan Johnson, social construction of difference, is created between two groups, one groups that has privileges and the ability to pass through society as “normal’. Some humans that are considered to be the oppressed are “non-normal and do not get the same privileges of the domain group. Johnson also uses the example of American woman who has not had any contact with white society. As of what the women knows, she is merely aware that she is an African American woman, not considered to be a black woman, in her state of
Libit, H. Summer curricula bridge gender gap programs encourage girls’ interest in math, science, technology. (August 13, 2001)
Gender inequities in the fields of math and science are well researched and the results are shocking. Women compromise 45% of the work force, they hold jobs concentrated in clerical, service, and professional fields such as teaching and nursing, rather than in mathematics, science, or engineering (Levin & Matthews, 1997). Gender inequities start in school due to teacher interaction, language, role models, gender expectations, and the method in which the curriculum will be taught.
The gender gap that results in the absence of women in STEM is progressive and persistent. Not only is this an issue of equity, but a lack of female participation in STEM results in a lack of diversity among perspectives regarding solutions to problems and other scientific endeavors. The gender gap in STEM can be seen as the result of several factors including teacher bias in the classroom, a chilly climate from male colleagues as they progress through their careers, little societal support for wanting a career and a family, lacking role models in their study of interest, and an overall lack of science preparation when it comes to pursuing a STEM career.
Zuckerberg, being a computer genius, goes back to his dorm and begins blogging about his now ex-girlfriend and calls her bad names. He then visits to a website called “Kirkland House Face Book” and got an idea to compare two pictures of girls side by side and have people vote to see who they thought was “hotter.” He needed to get pictures so he hacked in to several Face Book databases, and downloaded their profiles. Needless to say, the male students loved the idea and the female students hated it, which leads to a variable of interpersonal communication, sex and gender.
Rosser, S. V. (1998). Applying feminist theories to women in science programs. Signs, 24, 71-200.
Jennifer Unger & C. Anderson Johnson, “Explaining Exercise Behavior and Satisfaction with Social Exchange Theory,” Perceptual and Motor Skills 81 (1995): 603-608.
In many cases, women’s achievements are measured according to male oriented standards. I would like to argue with a more diverse approach to this cause. If humanity is comprised of both men and women, and we are equally dependent on each other for humanity’s survival, why are men and women not viewed as equals? These old attitudes are drilled into us from birth. If boys were taught mutual respect as they grew up, gender equality becomes a natural way of life. In the same way girls would need to be taught to set high goals; that they can reach as high as humanly possible. Unfortunately, typically male values and traditions have, over time, shaped the culture in Science, Engineering and Technology (SET) fields. This has created, in many ways, a hostile learning and working environment for women. From time immemorial, women have been regarde...
...cs. In the years, the country has started to realize the injustice it has been doing females in the field of mathematics. I believe that in the future these biases and disadvantages will be a thing of the past. Females have the mental capability to perform on an equal level with all respected and distinguished male mathematicians, but first social pressures and stereotypes must be eliminated.
Electronic or “virtual” socializing has proved to be exceedingly popular than the preceding face-to-face social interaction like dating, church and other public gatherings.... ... middle of paper ... ... Social Science analysis and conclusion of results is usually comprised of current findings since the study of social behavior is on-going as the variables are altered continuously and results of a natural science study prove to be more pragmatic and directly answers the research question.