Types of Speech Errors
Garrett (1975) represented four characteristics of slips of the tongue. The first one is that the exchange exists between linguistic units of the same positions. For example, initial linguistic segments are replaced by another initial linguistic segment. The same generalization is applied to the middle and final linguistic segments. Additionally, slips appear in similar phonetic units. This means that that the consonants are replaced by consonants and vowels are replaced by vowels. Furthermore, the slips occur in similar stress patterns, which signifies that stressed syllables are replaced by stressed syllables and unstressed syllables are replaced by unstressed syllables. Finally, slips of the tongue follow the phonological rules of a language (cited in Carroll, 2007, p. 195).
Researchers have provided different classifications of speech errors. They can be categorized according to the “linguistic units,” such as “phonological feature, phoneme, syllable, morpheme, word phrase, or sentence levels” (Harely, 2001, p. 376). Moreover, speech errors can be classified according to the “mechanisms” of the speech errors (Harely, 2001, p. 376). For example, Carroll (2007) classified eight of the basic types of slips of the tongue according to the error mechanism from the previous psycholinguistic studies. These errors include shift, exchanges, anticipations, perseveration, additions, deletions, substitutions, and blends.
Shift is defined as the movement of one linguistic unit from its position to another position. An example of shift is when a speaker says, “in case she decide to hits it” while he intended to say “decides to hit it.” In the previous example, the suffix “s” disappears from its place and it is added...
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This chapter focused mainly on misconceptions and attempting to clarify those misconceptions about accents. In the opinion of linguists, accent is a difficult word to define. This is due to the fact that language has variation therefore when it comes to a person having an accent or not, there is no true technical distinction because every person has different phonological aspects to their way of speaking. However, when forced to define this word, it is described as “a way of speaking” (Lippi-Green, 2012, p.44). Although Lippi- Green identified the difficulty linguists have in distinguishing between accent, dialect, and another language entirely, they were able to construct a loose way of distinguishing. Lippi- Green states that an accent can be determined by difference in phonological features alone, dialect can be determined by difference in syntax, lexicon, and semantics alone, and when all of these aspects are different from the original language it is considered another language entirely (Lippi-Green, 2012).
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From the time Caroline began preschool she had a severe speech sound disorder. She had a lisp along with difficulty producing what she referred to as harsh sounds, such as the sound /r/. The lisp caused difficulty in producing /th/ which was produced in the form of /s/. The sounds that gave her the most trouble were the lingua-dental. There was extreme difficulty in the articulation of her tongue to produce the sounds, and in order to compensate for not being able to say the words properly she began to omit the sounds she could not produce. Her speech language pathologist explained to her that she had a lazy tongue. It was described to her that she did not know how to properly move her tongue in the specific ways to produce the specific sounds. When Caroline was asked what she thought had caused her speech disorder, she thought it was because she had a delay in her verbal abilities and poor mouth structure as her mouth was narrow, and teeth were very crooked. However, the underlying cause was not known.
The article begins by defining phonemic awareness and gives examples which gave me a better grasp of the topic. Phonemic awareness gives a person the ability to hear the difference between sounds in words even when they sound similar such as the words “sat” and “sit”. Phonemic awareness is a division of the larg...
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Speech Language Pathology helps solve or improve situations with language and speech. Some of the things that works are: articulation, fluency, and oral motor disorders. In the articulation disorders we can found: the difficulties in producing sound and the correct pronunciation of words. In the other hand the fluency and the oral motor disorders we found di...
"Master of Science in Speech-Language Pathology (2-Year Program).” College of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences: Sargent College. Boston University.
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The focus of this study, written by Brady, Duewer, and King, was to examine nonnative speakers of English and how proficient a vowel-targeted intervention is. By using established articulation strategies combined with a visual feedback program, they were able to conduct a successful experiment. In order to test this, the experiment used a single-subject multiple-probe design. The experiment targeted three vowels and an additional untrained vowel as a control. Each vowel was presented in three words, two of which were monosyllabic and one that was multisyllabic. Before training began, the participant read the vowel assessment list three times. Two authors, who decided whether the vowel was accurate or inaccurate, judged the participant. The
Curzan, Anne and Adams, Michael. How English Works: A Linguistic Introduction. New York: Pearson Longman, 2006
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These three groups were then asked to complete three different tasks. The first was to repeat and segment 20 different words (5 consonant-vowel-consonant, 5 CCVC, 5 CVCC, and 5 CCVCC) and two overall scores were administered to the participants. Both scores were out of a maximum of 20 points; the first score was based on giving 1 point for each correctly analyzed word, and the second score was based on giving 1 point for correctly analyzing medial vowels.
Freud argued that slips of the tongue are repressed expressions made by the person unknowingly. The term used for this is a Freudian slip.
In this paper the writer is going to present an overview of the field of neurolinguistics which is the study of the mental faculties involved in the perception, production, and acquisition of language. In other words, the neurobiological factors that enable humans to acquire, use, comprehend and produce language.