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Colonization of the Philippines
Spanish colonized philippines
American culture and Filipino culture
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Filipino Heritage
Since being born here in the United States I have not had the chance to learn more about my families heritage. I only know of what I was told by my parents and relatives, but I don't know Philippines like I think I should. In this I-search topic paper I will look for answers to questions that cannot be answered without researching facts. I am hoping to understand what it was like to be Filipino in the U.S. and maybe focus on what struggles Filipino's faced when they arrived here in the United States. I would also like to find out more about some of the important Filipino people and significant history dates along with learning more about what my ancestors did that helped future generations of Filipinos to survive today.
One of the biggest historical events in Philippines history was during the Spanish colonization. When the Spanish arrived, there were already many different groups living in the Philippines all with different languages being spoken due to being descendants of South and South East Asia. "The Spaniards used a strategy to colonize the islands that was similar to the one they used to colonize the New World (Nadeau, 2008)". They used local leaders of groups to help them adapt their own people into the Spanish culture. After the Christopher Columbus discovered the America, Spain sent Ferdinand de Magellan a Portuguese contractor along with a fleet of men to find another route to Asia. This is when spices were in high demand and merchants who controlled the ports were charging very high prices.
Magellan offered to baptize the locals into Christianity, all agreed except King Lapu Lapu of Mactan island, who rejected the idea of being baptized but instead wanted to fight Magellan and his me...
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... and were greatly outnumbered. Relief came when Francis B. Harrison of New York was elected as Governor-General of the Philippines and supported the idea of Philippines independence. As he gained Filipino's trust and loyalty he made it possible for Filipino's to be included in the upper house assembly and created a Filipinization policy.
The Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor and U.S. military bases in 1941. Both forces were no match for the Japanese who were well equipped with advanced weaponry. The Japanese soon occupied the Philippines from 1942 to 1945. During this time a guerilla movement was forming against the Japanese made up of farmers and peasants that were tired of unfair practices by the foreign occupants. They teamed up with the American forces to defeat the Japanese only to be arrested later due to accusations of having ties to communists by the CIA.
...al Sam Gillis.” Benevolent Assimilation: The American Conquest of the Philippines, 1899-1903. New Haven, CT: Yale University, 1982. 87. Print.
During the Second World War after the attack on Pearl Harbor Guam was also attacked and seized by the Japanese military this is when the Pacific war had begun. The United States now focused their attention on the Philippines, Iwo Jima, and the Mariana Islands. Hoping to capture Guam back from the Japanese, United States also wanted to capture the remaining islands. These islands would be in the front lines of the war in the Pacific. 1
Dubbed the largest battle between aircraft carriers, the World War two, Battle of the Philippine Sea was also the most lopsided modern naval victory ever. Like shooting fish in a barrel or a sitting duck the United States forces easily shot Japanese planes out of the sky and sunk their ships. The object of the battle was control of the Mariana Islands. The Japanese who had initiated the fight with us were strategically using the islands in the Philippine Sea as a defense for their homeland. The United States however also had a vested interest in these islands as they would help us project our forces into reaching distance of Japan. Though the Japanese had the upper hand in the Battle of the Philippines, the United States was able to overcome its disadvantages with superior command, equipment, and training.
The Filipino American War began because the Americans did not want to give them back to Spain nor did they want to hand them over to their rivals, France and Germany.They also came to the conclusion that they were too weak to govern themselves. And to please the people, they told them that they were going to be Christianized and civilized. Proof of this can be found when President Mckinley said, “That there was nothing left for us to do but to take them all and to educate the Filipinos, and uplift and civilize and Christianize them” (313). However, America 's true motive for war was to gain a profit out of the Philippines since, “No land in America surpasses in fertility the plains and valleys of Luzon. Rice and coffee, sugar and cocoanuts, hemp and tobacco. The wood of the Philippines can supply the furniture of the world for a century to come” (314). William James was somebody who opposed the war, he wanted to, “ educate the American public about the horrors of the Philippine war and the evils of imperialism” (314). And in response, many innocent Filipino civilians would be killed. The Philadelphia Ledger reported, “our men have been relentless, have killed to exterminate men, women, children, prisoners and captives, active insurgents and suspected people from lads of ten up, the idea prevailing that the Filipino as such was little better than a dog”
The immediate cause of the European voyages of discovery was the conquest of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks in 1453. While Egypt and Italian city-state of Venice was left with a monopoly on ottoman trade for spices and eastern goods it allowed Portugal and Spain to break the grip by finding an Atlantic route. Portugal took the lead in the Atlantic exploration because of the reconquest from the Muslims, good finances, and their long standing seafaring traditions. In dealing with agriculture, The Portuguese discovered Brazil on accident, but they concentrated on the Far East and used Brazil as a ground for criminals. Pernambuco, the first area to be settled, became the world’s largest sugar producer by 1550. Pernambuco was a land of plantations and Indian slaves. While the market for sugar grew so did the need for slaves. Therefore the African Slave start became greatly into effect. Around 1511 Africans began working as slaves in the Americas. In 1492, Columbus embarked on his voyage from Spain to the Americas. The Euro...
In 1899, the United States added the Philippines after a short yet bleeding war with Spain. These rich, copious islands brimming with assets were in extraordinary request. The U.S. saw the Philippines; battling against Spain so like them when they were revolting, and chose to venture in and help 'the soul of 1776' (Doc. A). Be that as it may, the question still remains: ought to the United States have attached the Philippines? The answer is a vehement no. It was a misuse of cash and assets, they were as merciless and unbendable as Spain as they would see it of how to treat the locals, and it conflicted with every single administrative conviction the U.S. remained for. Adding the Philippines was not an insightful choice.
In conclusion the Japanese Empire bombed Pearl Harbor, the main military base, on December 7, 1941. Japan attacked the United States because America was the only country making a serious effort to stop Japan from conquering parts of Asia. The Japanese assumed that if the United States had no warships to block Japan’s progress in defeating Asia, they would succeed in the conquering. The U.S. responded in the opposite way Japan had expected and declared war on Japan which involved them in World War II. The war ended when America dropped two atomic bombs on Japan.
In 1897, Theodore Roosevelt and President McKinley discussed taking over the Pacific colony in the event of a war with Spain. When Congress declared war on Spain 5,000 American troops were sent to the Philippines. After the War, McKinley refused to sign the armistice unless Spain gave the United States all of the Pacific islands. Once Spain agreed, he drew up plans for colonial administration. He pleaded to educate the Filipinos and convert them to Christianity. At first, the Filipinos welcomed the American troops but eventually turned on their former alliance and attacked their base. American soldiers described them as gugus and repeatedly insulted and physically abused them. They beat civilians, raped the women and tortured them. They treated them so poorly because they were a group of darker skin than
The war in Asia had its roots in the early 1930s. Japan had expansionist aims in Eastern Asia and the Western Pacific, especially in Indochina2. In July of 1940 the United States placed an embargo on materials exported to Japan, including oil in the hope of restraining Japanese expansionism. Nevertheless, tensions remained high in Asia, and only increased in 1939 when Germany ignited World War II with an invasion of Poland. America’s determination to remain isolated changed abruptly following Japan’s “surprise attack” on Pearl Harbor on December 7th 1941. Military strategists and politicians poured the majority of American war effort into the European theater, and before the United States could fully mobilize most of South-East Asia had fallen to Japan, including the Philippines. Slowly, the United States recaptured the many small islands invaded by Japan, including Guadalcanal, Bougainville, Tarawa, Saipan, Iwo Jima, and Okinawa. These “Japanese forces waged a stubborn, often suicidal battles were ferocious; although the Americans won each, resistance.” They demolished the Japanese fleet and establis...
Blood has been spilled all over the ground of the Philippines. The United States fought a small war with Spain in 1898. The United States ended up getting Cuba and the Philippine Islands as a war prize. Cuba got their independence, but the United States decided to keep the Philippine Islands by annexing them (Background Essay). Should the United States have annexed the Philippines? Annexed means to join or combine a smaller country with a bigger country. The United States should have annexed the Philippine Islands because they needed guidance to become a better country, couldn't give the Philippine Islands to other countries, and there was nothing else the United States could do with them.
Before the attack on Pearl Harbor the road to war with Japan started in the 1930s. The Empire of Japan was trying to expand its empire through the Pacific and China. In 1931 Japan conquered Manchuria, which was part of China and began an unsuccessful campaign to take over the rest of China. Japan allied themselves with Nazi Germany in 1940. At that time the U.S. had economic and political interests in East Asia. The U.S. added China with financial and military help along with strengthening its own military presence in the Pacific. They cut off shipments of raw materials and oil to Japan. Japan was very limited in their natural recourses and perceived the America’s embargo on oil and aid to China as a threat. Japans response was to conquer resourc...
On December 22, 1941, the Japanese main attack on the Philippines began.1 The Japanese initial goal was to capture the island of Luzon, which was home to both the capital city of Manila and the majority of the US forces. The initial Japanese attack on the Allied forces consisted of air raids followed by a 50,000 man ground assault lead by Gen. Masaharu Homma.2 The Allied forces consisted of a combined US and Filipino army, numbering around 100,000 men, lead by Gen. Douglas MacArthur.3 US forces had the advantage in numbers; however, the Japanese had the advantage in technology. US and Filipino forces were supplied primarily with World War I (WWI) and pre-WWI weapons.4 This meant that while the Allied forces had superior numbers, the Allied forces were ultimately outgunned.
The Philippine Revolution was a military conflict between the Filipinos and Spanish colonial regime that started in the year 1896. The Filipinos were growing exhausted of the Spaniards’ rule over them. A charismatic leader, Andrès Bonifacio, formed a ghost propaganda movement, The Katipunan, to battle the Spaniards for independence. The Katipunan leaders and everyone associated with the revolution all knew the risks of getting captured: dying and risking the chance at freedom. War and bloodshed was the only decision for freedom; it was necessary to gain independence from Spain. The Filipino people joined as a whole to overthrow their Spanish dictators. It was a long fought war that seemed to last an eternity but on Dec. 15, 1897, the pact of Biak-na-Bato was declared. Though it wasn’t the perfect deal for each side, the pact brought a temporary end to the Philippine Revolution. The Philippine Revolution was a frightening, but necessary action by the Filipinos to pave way to their independence from Spain.
The only known recorded history of the Philippines is the Laguna Copper Plate Inscription, but even this is outdated as the estimated date for its inscription is during the 900s (Morrow). This presents issues for modern day contemporaries such as Dolan and Francia as the information provided is biased. Statistics of modern day Philippines will be used to show the impact of the Spanish in modern times. Section B: Summary of Investigation Up until the mid 1500s, the islands of the Philippines maintained autonomy. Before the conquering of the Philippines by the Spanish, the Philippines had its own form of rule.
A. A. The Philippines People, Poverty and Politics. New York: The New York Times. St. Martins's P, 1987. 1-225.