Significance of Discoveries in Genetics and DNA
Our understanding of genetic inheritance and the function of DNA in producing the characteristics of the individual have been developing for more almost 150 years. Consider our current state of knowledge. Link genetic characteristics to DNA structure. Explain how DNA through the process of protein synthesis is responsible for the ultimate expression of the characteristics in the organism. Describe how interference in protein synthesis can result in disruption of cellular and bodily processes? How does the significance of one class of proteins, the enzymes, relate to the importance of proper nutrition throughout life?
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. DNA is our body’s instruction manual for making us who we are. It is present in any living being. It is the carrier of the genetic information, or a molecule, that encodes the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms and many viruses (DNA, n.d.). DNA is suited for biological information storage in which all of the cells of an individual contain the same DNA, creating a specific identity for that individual. Both strands of the double stranded DNA structure store the same biological inforamtion. As the two strands separate the biological information is replicated in which a siginificiant portion of the DNA being non-coding, simply translated that these sections do not serve a function of encoding proteins.
DNA gives an organism its traits through protein synthesis. Protein synthesis, or protein biosynthesis, is the process by which biological cells generate new proteins which is balanced by the loss of cellular proteins by degraduation or export. DNA, is a genetic material present inside the nucleus which has the information that helps in the synthesis of RNA and proteins. They have information which help in the formation of mRNA that specifies a particular protein product. mRNA acts as a template translating DNA code into specific protien. Hence, DNA indirectly participates in protein synthesis by taking place in the ENA synthsis. DNA is transcribed into RNA which is then translated into proteins. These proteins give us our hair color, eye color, and other traits. Therefore, DNA through the process of protein synthesis is responsible for our traits because DNA codes for RNA which in turn codes for protein (Purpose of DNA, n.
DNA is the genetic material found in cells of all living organisms. Human beings contain approximately one trillion cells (Aronson 9). DNA is a long strand in the shape of a double helix made up of small building blocks (Riley). The repeat segments are cut out of the DNA strand by a restrictive enzyme that acts like scissors and the resulting fragments are sorted out by electrophoresis (Saferstein 391).
Show your understanding of the structure of nucleic acids by describing the similarities and differences between DNA, mRNA and tRNA. Your descriptions should include drawings with labels of the nucleotide structures and the overall structures of each where applicable.
These discoveries about the structure of DNA allowed scientists to explore the genome and develop a stronger understanding of genes. Within a decade of its discovery, other scientists had identified the genes responsible for specific diseases and traits. The discovery of the structure of DNA created a basis for ...
Everyone is familiar with the blue print, or book, of life. Deoxyribonucleic Acid, or DNA, for short. After all, every single cell of our trillion possesses a double-membraned blob (nucleus) just to house it. As with anyone who ever studied genetics, pilgrims to the Delphic oracle in ancient Greece always discovered something profound about them when they inquired of it-but rarely that which they assumed to have learned in the first place. The Greek king Croesus once asked the oracle if he should commence a war with a neighboring kingdom only to be told “You will destroy a great empire”. He did only his own. Likewise, DNA speaks in code with the occasional satirical message. Unlike Delphi, our oracle still speaks, and louder than ever. From
Since DNA has the instructions for making the proteins, but it has to be highly protected, it doesn’t leave the nucleus where it is mostly found (Hall, 6). DNA’s function is to be a long-term storage and transmission of the genetic information (DNA vs RNA, 2014). Copies of certain instructions needed for proteins can be made in the form of RNA. It’s not an exact copy of what is found in DNA, but RNA can travel out of the nucleus with the instructions. RNA make...
In April of 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick published a game changing paper. It would blow the mind of the scientific community and reshape the entire landscape of science. DNA, fully knows as Deoxyribonucleic Acid is the molecule that all genes are made of. Though it is a relatively new term with regard to the age of science, the story of DNA and the path to its discovery covers a much broader timeframe and had many more contributors than James Watson and Francis Crick. After reading the paper the audience should have a better understanding of what DNA is, the most important experiments that contributed to its ultimate discovery and the names and contributions of the lesser-known scientists that helped Watson and Crick turn their idea
1. Identify and explain the ONE specific branch of biology involved in the article - it will be one of the branches listed beside the article title. Support your answer by using specific examples from the article to demonstrate how it relates to that branch. There should be a clear relationship between the branch you chose and the article in your explanation. Explain in your own words without having to quote directly from the article. (At least 3 sentences – 3 points)
Genetics relies on chemistry to explain phenomena related to the field. The structure of DNA relies on chemistry. In fact, when James Watson and Francis Crick discovered the structure of DNA, they did so by building models based on the laws of chemistry. Chemistry also relates heavily to the structure and function of one of the main products of DNA: protein.
A predicament has occurred, in which you speak in the defense of a young female, considered to be guilty on the basis of hair color. Knowledge of the structure of DNA and its role in heredity, how DNA and RNA work together to produce proteins, and how brown hair can result from various gene combinations , will all be an important asset in determining if the young lady is guilty or not.
The purpose of the human genome project was to select the best pairs of the genes and the desirable characteristics in the human beings to maintain the production of the organisms according to the desirable gene sequencing. This project was initiated to control the sequencing of the gene artificially [1]. The world’s largest biological plan was the human genome project as it was started on the large scale. The idea of this project was given by the researchers in 1984. The practical work started in 1990 to execute the project. The official declaration of the project carried out in 2003. The financial assistance was awarded to the program setup through the healthcare workplaces, where their engagement was significant. Another program
... have been doing a phenomenal job of figuring this out. DNA is the chemical in each cell that carries our genes. DNA is the source of just about everything. It not only determines what we look like, but also many other things. Instructions are on some of our genes to let them know when they need to multiply and divide. Cancers can be caused by DNA defects.
Epigenetics, which also means “above genetics”, is defined as the study of chemical reactions that take place in the organism as this one grows and develop. This chemical reaction activate and deactivate at certain time and location some parts of the genome. The video resulted extremely interesting because it shows how our body react to the epigenomes and how important is our lifestyle to our health and for the health of our next generations.
The identification of a substance/phenomenon/condition(s) is the first step toward a new discovery or invention of substantial application (human or otherwise). In the light of this fact, the knowledge of the discovery of DNA is vital to appreciate the beauty of evolution of the events that led to the discovery of DNA. Unlike the common belief that DNA was discovered by the American biologist James Watson and English physicist Francis Crick, the genetic material was first identified by the Swiss physiological chemist Friedrich Miescher in the 1860s. He named them “nuclein”. While having an intention of separating and identifying the proteins present in the white blood cells, he discovered a material inside the white blood cells that were similar to proteins but having high phosphorus content. Sensing the importance of his findings, Miesher wrote “It seems probable to me that a whole family of such slightly varying phosphorous-containing substances will appear, as a group of nucleins, equivalent to proteins”. It was only in 1953, that Watson and Crick put together pieces of experimental information by various investigators to bring forth the three dimensional structure of DNA. Although, various improvisations and extensions have been brought forth to the Watson Crick model, but the four major propositions still remain the same :
DNA – the very molecule that defines who we are. It is still fascinating that a molecule that is so small that is not visible to the naked eye determines not just our physical appearance but also our mental wellbeing. Over 60 years, the discovery of the double helix DNA had impacted various fields relating to Biology and Chemistry, contributing to the advancement of technology and subsequently mankind too.
Discoveries in DNA, cell biology, evolution, and biotechnology have been among the major achievements in biology over the past 200 years, with accelerated discoveries and insight’s over the last 50 years. Consider the progress we have made in these areas of human knowledge. Present at least three of the discoveries you find to be the most important and describe their significance to society, health, and the culture of modern life. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a self-replicating molecule or material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent in chromosomes. It encodes the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms and many viruses.