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stereotypical native american roles in media and literature
current unfair treatment of native americans
policies toward native american
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The perception of Native Americans from mainstream America is far from the reality of the true culture of the Native American community. Most Americans would stereotype the Natives as a humorless and serious group of people, because of the traditions of the tribal communities and the years of mistreatment from the government. However, contemporary Native American authors, such as Sherman Alexie and Louise Erdrich, have disproved the perception of the Native American people through their writing. Alexie and Erdrich religiously use humor within their writing as a method to cope with the mainstream culture in order to survive and to raise awareness of the conditions the Native Americans are living in. Alexie exposes the contemporary issues that the Native Americans deal with both on and off the reservation such as poverty, unemployment, and alcoholism. In Alexie’s collection of short stories, The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven, he uses survival humor in the stories, “Every Little Hurricane” “Amusements”, as a method for the characters to deal with the problems they face with alcoholism. Alcoholism is one of the most prevalent issues within the Native American communities. In the short story, “Every Little Hurricane”, the main character, Victor, deals with problems with alcohol in his family’s life. Alexie uses humor within the story when dealing with alcohol to cope with family problems, such as when “Victor dreamed of whiskey, vodka, tequila, those fluids swallowing him just as easily as he swallowed them” (7). The humor behind Victor dreaming about alcohol is that most people dream of a positive future vision of something to happen in their life, when Victor is dreaming of alcohol as if it is a positive thing in his lif... ... middle of paper ... ...story provides a funny story but still demonstrates one of the most relevant issues within the Native community, alcoholism. Although Native Americans certainly dealt with difficult situation such as the struggles with the United States government, alcoholism, and maintaining traditional ways, Sherman Alexie and Louise Erdrich prove that there was a lighter side to the tribal communities. These authors reveal how the Native people handled the hard times with humor and held their heads high instead of giving up hope. The Native Americans saw humor as a way to cope with the hardships of their lives and found laughter within their position in the mainstream US culture. Most importantly, humor brought strength and resiliency to the Native Americans, which allowed them to withstand the hardships in order to adapt to the rapidly changing mainstream society around them.
McNickle, D'Arcy. "A Different World." Native American Literature: A Brief Introduction and Anthology. Ed. Vizenor, Gerald. United States of America: Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers, 1995, 111-119.
Raymond Carver's short story “What We Talk About When We Talk About Love” leaves the reader feeling as if they have sat down at the table with a bottle of Gin and experienced first hand the effects of alcoholism and depression. In the original version of this story the “Beginners” Carver carefully crafts the many sides of an alcoholic personality developing strong knowable characters. The fundamental personalities are left fairly intact from the original version. It should be noted that the feelings that the reader are left with are due at least partially to the severe editing of the “Beginners” done by his editor and friend Gordon Lish. With this collaboration Carvers personal struggles still shine through but his intent of hope and recover from alcoholism were left mostly on the chopping block. Through many interviews and articles Raymond Carver make clear his personal struggles with alcoholism and how it has had an effect on his writing. INTERVIEWER: Where do your stories come from, then? I'm especially asking about the stories that have something to do with drinking. Carver: “At the very least it's referential. Stories long or short don't just come out of thin air.” (The Paris Review) The inner dialog and downward spiral of an alcoholic is experienced through the interaction between these personalities while discussing the topic of love. JA: I noticed recently you're using cliches in your characterizations, and I wonder if you're just observing, or recording the way a mind works. RC: It's there for a purpose; it's working for me, I think, not against me. Or at least I hope and assume this is the case!
Alcohol was introduced into Native American culture many years ago and has been a source of suffering since. In Flight, Zits states that his father “was more in love with vodka than with him and his mother,” and it is this statement that helps drive the story along (Sherman 4). Zits addresses the stereotype that come along with being Native American. The major one mentioned in the story is that Native Americans consume a lot of alcohol. This follows what is known as the firewater myth, which says that Native Americans “…may be genetically predisposed to crave ever increasing doses of alcohol…”—this was and still is believed by several researchers (Lamarine). This alcoholism leads to instability within homes and leaves the child to suffer. A perfect example of this is when Zits says that his father “vanished like a magician” shortly after he was born (Sherman 5). It was fear that made Michael’s father run, but it was fear mixed with alcohol that...
In the novels Love Medicine by Louise Erdrich and The Way to Rainy Mountain by N. Scott Momaday, the reader gains views of Native American culture, both past and present, through two disparate means of delivery. Both authors provide immensely rich portrayals through varying literary devices in efforts to bring about a better understanding of problems contemporary Native Americans face, especially regarding their own self-identity.
These moments of pure happiness inspire hope in the hearts of his characters. The Indians are able to find peace for just an instant holding onto it in a beautiful way that allows them to forget the strains of their lives. This psychological phenomenon is exhibited constantly throughout the collection of stories but Victor best embodies it when he remembers his father. He changes “[T]he memories. Instead of remembering the bad things, remember what happened immediately before. That’s what I learned from my father.” (page 34). Instead of remembering how his dad left him when he was young he savors the memory of him when he was there. By being able to be thankful for the days with his father Victor can make life without him less painful. Alexie shows through Victor’s use of this coping mechanism of thankfulness that Reservation Indians are happier with the little they have than the spoiled people of the rest of our country. This idea is clearly a positive and shows that Alexie’s realism is not all just the racist, stereotypical garbage that many claim it is. Instead it has actual meaning behind it; it is simply an examination of the Native American’s lifestyle and world-view
“It is my absolute belief that Indians have unlimited talent. I have no doubt about our capabilities.” --Narendra Modi. Native Americans love life and nature, they often celebrate it. In the stories “The Coyote”, “The Buffalo and the Corn”, and “The First False Face” each of these stories has many similarities, all include nature, and have many differences.
There are many ways that we can communicate our message to the world. One particular way is through humor. Comedy has an effect on the human experience. It can cause discomfort, joy, shock, confusion and so on. Sometimes it can stir up two emotions at once like anger and regret. Humor can also be used to bring light to issues that are occurring in today’s society. Throughout, this essay I will be examining the use of humor, especially, in the Native American culture. One main issue that Native Americans face in today’s society is that they’re being stereotyped.
They considered drunkenness ‘degrading to free me’ and questioned the motives of those who would offer a substance that was so offensive to the senses and that made men foolish. Most Native people who did drink alcohol were reported to show ‘remarkable restraint while in their cups’. Most drank alcohol only during social or trading contact with whites. Although drinking patterns since colonization grew almost exponentially, since 1975, drinking patterns among Native Americans have remained constant.( Alcohol 3)
In the early hours of a cold morning, Gallup awaits death while the sun rises. Gallup’s morning “wake-up call’ consists of sirens often after another local was found frozen on the roadside with a liquor bottle near. Labeled as “Most patriotic small town” Gallup takes pride in a good title, but there is a bad side to Gallup, notoriously known as “Drunk town”. Gallup suffers from Poverty, homelessness and substance abuse on the reservations that come into the little town.
For Adult Children of Alcoholics, surviving their families becomes the point of existence. The fortunate may be able to draw support from a supportive adult, and may emerge with fewer difficulties than their brothers and sisters. The majority, however, have to “make do.” Some spend lonely hours in their rooms wishing only to vanish behind the woodwork. Others attempt to rescue the foundering vi...
provides support in any victory over alcohol. When the alcoholic announces with pride that they
Adjusting to another culture is a difficult concept, especially for children in their school classrooms. In Sherman Alexie’s, “Indian Education,” he discusses the different stages of a Native Americans childhood compared to his white counterparts. He is describing the schooling of a child, Victor, in an American Indian reservation, grade by grade. He uses a few different examples of satire and irony, in which could be viewed in completely different ways, expressing different feelings to the reader. Racism and bullying are both present throughout this essay between Indians and Americans. The Indian Americans have the stereotype of being unsuccessful and always being those that are left behind. Through Alexie’s negativity and humor in his essay, it is evident that he faces many issues and is very frustrated growing up as an American Indian. Growing up, Alexie faces discrimination from white people, who he portrays as evil in every way, to show that his childhood was filled with anger, fear, and sorrow.
In Drew Hayden Taylor’s essays, he creates and manipulates various tones that each appeal to a different reader, which allows for his writings to be accepted and related to by various people. Through his use of shifting tones in “What’s an Indian worth These Days” and “Why did the Indian Block the Road”, from humorous to informative to sarcasm, Drew Hayden Taylor challenges stereotypes about First Nations people.
Ghosh, R. P. (2012, February 11). Native Americans: The Tragedy of Alcoholism. Retrieved May 21, 2014, from International Business Times: http://www.ibtimes.com/native-americans-tragedy-alcoholism-214046
Alcoholism is a complex disease, as it affects more than just the person living with it. In the article “Coping with an Alcoholic Parent” we explore why people drink too much, how it affects families, and the ramifications it has on the children in the household. The focus of this article was on children in the household, and the ways in which they can deal with having a parent who is considered an alcoholic. The next article, “Alcoholism and the Effect on the Family” deals with what alcoholism does to a person, breaking it down into three sections: Physiological effects such as tremors or blackouts, psychological effects such as the obsessive desire to drink, and the behavioral problems that disrupt home life and work. Once the article discusses the effects of alcoholism, it looks deeper into what the effects on the family are, especially from the child’s perspective. The “High School Dropout Statistics” were updated on the first of 2014. They show when kids dropout of school, what demographic they belong to, the rate of drop...