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Human respiratory system and aspects essay
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Human respiratory system and aspects essay
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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome: The Modern Day Plague
The human body consists of several vital organs; one of these organs is the respiratrory system. The respiratory system is made up of the organs that involve breathing and consists of the nose, pharynx, trachea, bronci, and the lungs. There are many types of respiratory infections such as pnumenia and influenza.
One of the newest types of respiratory infections is severe acute respiratory syndrome known to the world as SARS. The SARS disease mimics the diseases of pneumonia and influenza making detecting the disease hard. When the disease spread it had impacts on China, Hong Kong, and Canada.
What is SARS.
According to the article Severe acute respiratory syndrome n.d. the SARS disease is the same as pneumonia but it is a more serious form of it which is caused by a virus discovered in 2003 that can cause severe respiratory problems while breathing pg. 1. Researchers Peiris and Yven 2004 ‘severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS was caused by a previously unrecognized animal cornavirus that exploted opportunities provided by ‘wet markets’ in southern China to adapt to become a virus readily transmissible between humans’ p. 2.
Coronavirus
According to the article Coronaviruses 2009. This virus was first discovered in chickens in 1937, but it has now been discovered that there are about fifteen species in the viruse family. These species include humans, cattle, pigs, rodents, cats, dogs, and birds p. 1. Coronaviruses 2009 states that this virus infects different types of mammals and birds. In humans the virus can cause respiratory infections, entenic infections, and neurological syndromes p. 1. According to Coronaviruses 2009 ‘conornavirus infection is very ...
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... Even though management will be based on clinical and epidemiological assessment p. 4.
‘At the time of presentation, routine hematological and biochemical test findings are elevated lactic dehydrogenase levels, and elevated creatine phosphokianse levels have been observed Christian, 2004, p. 4. Christian 2004 states that laboratory features of other causes of pneumonia, no test is sufficient enough to alter the pretest of probability of SARS p. 4.
Pulmonary features
According to researchers Hui and Sung n.d. SARS has common features with other causes of pneumonia viewed on radiographs. When fever first appears about eighty percent of patients with the SARS disease have abnormal chest radiographs; all of the radiographs show airspace consolidation. Eventually there will be airway opacities during the course of the disease in all SARS patients p. 3.
The respiratory system has the function of getting rid of carbon dioxide and acquiring oxygen. It works closely with the circulatory system to feed the body the proper amounts of oxygen it needs to function efficiently. The respiratory system of an American Mink is very similar to that of a human in spite of the fact that there are some minor modifications. Both Humans and Minks have two lungs, the right lung is larger and has three lobes and the left lung has two lobes. The reason why the left lun...
The respiratory system is the system for taking in oxygen and giving off carbon dioxide in organisms. The respiratory systems of California sea lions, king cobras, and bald eagles have a few similarities and differences, but they all allow the intake of oxygen for each organism.
Hospital-acquired infections (HAI) are preventable and pose a threat to hospitals and patients; increasing the cost, nominally and physically, for both. Pneumonia makes up approximately 15% of all HAI and is the leading cause of nosocomial deaths. Pneumonia is most frequently caused by bacterial microorganisms reaching the lungs by way of aspiration, inhalation or the hematogenous spread of a primary infection. There are two categories of Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia (HAP); Health-Care Associated Pneumonia (HCAP) and Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).
This extremely pathogenic zoonotic virus is now understood to travel from bat species, to equine intermediate hosts, to humans.[8, 10] The Hendra virus is listed as a Bio-Safety Level (BSL)-4, and can only be studied at a few adequately equipped laboratories worldwide due to its virulence.[1, 2] Case fatality rates
Croup: Croup is another common airway inflammation caused by virus that can affect the trachea, larynx and possibility the bronchi (Murray, Sidani, & Zoorob, 2011) thus causing infection in the upper respiratory tract. Murray et al. describes it as the most common illness in children under the age of 6 to 36 months and cause for cough mostly when a child cries; acute stridor and hoarseness in febrile children (Murray et al., 2011). It can be a life-threatening situation in the life of the young infant and the family. Croup symptoms exhibit as hoarseness, barking cough, inspiratory stridor, and respiratory distress. I chose this diagnosis as my first preference because when I read the mother’s subjective report it matches that of croup symptoms: a barking cough, no fever, severe at night and when the baby cries, fatigue due to excessiveness of the tears, pain due to inflames and swollen of the airway. Murray et al., led us to understand that the etiologies of this viral causing agent can be traced to the parainfluenza viruses, type 1. (2011). This virus is commonly spread through contact or droplet secretion.
Craven , D., & Hjalmarson, K. (2010). Ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis and pneumonia: thinking outside the box. Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication Of The Infectious Diseases Society Of America , 1, p.S59-66. Retrieved from http://ehis.ebscohost.com/eds/detail?sid=44b983f2-9b91-407c-a053-fd8507d9a657@sessionmgr4002&vid=9&hid=116&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ==
This study is a clinical trial that aims to find out the effect of massage on behavioral state of neonates with respiratory distress syndrome. The participants were 45 neonates who hospitalized in neonatal intensive care unit of Afzalipour hospital in Kerman. Parental consent was obtained for research participation. The inclusion criteria included all infants born with respiratory distress syndrome, less than 36 weeks gestational age and without of any the following conditions: contraindication of touch, skin problems, hyperbilirubinemia, anemia, respirators, chest tube, addicted mother, congenital and central nervous system disease. Infants entered the massage protocol during the second day after starting enteral feeding, because the initiation of enteral feeding means that the infants in physiologically stable [12]. The researcher determined if infants met the study criteria. After initial assessment, the infants were entered to the group. The infants received 45 minute periods of massage intervention per day for 5 days. Each infant received tactile/kinesthetic stimulation, 15 minute periods at the beginning of three consecutive hours. Each massage always started at approximately 30 minutes after afternoon feeding and provided by one or two trained nurses. The 15 minute stimulation sessions consist of 3 standardized 5 minute phases. Tactile stimulation was given during the first and third phases, and kinesthetic stimulation was given during the middle phase. For the tactile stimulation, the neonate was placed in a prone position. After thorough hand scrubbing, the person providing stimulation placed the palms of her warmed hands on the infant’s body through the isolate portholes. Then She gently stroked with her hands for five ...
Liam is a previously healthy boy who has experienced rhinorrhoea, intermittent cough, and poor feeding for the past four days. His positive result of nasopharyngeal aspirate for Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) indicates that Liam has acute bronchiolitis which is a viral infection (Glasper & Richardson, 2010). “Bronchiolitis is the commonest reason for admission to hospital in the first 6 months of life. It describes a clinical syndrome of cough tachypnoea, feeding difficulties and inspiratory crackles on chest auscultation” (Fitzgerald, 2011, p.160). Bronchiolitis can cause respiratory distress and desaturation (91% in the room air) to Liam due to airway blockage; therefore the infant appears to have nasal flaring, intercostal and subcostal retractions, and tachypnoea (54 breathes/min) during breathing (Glasper & Richardson, 2010). Tachycardia (152 beats/min) could occur due to hypoxemia and compensatory mechanism for low blood pressure (74/46mmHg) (Fitzgerald, 2011; Glasper & Richardson, 2010). Moreover, Liam has fever and conjunctiva injection which could be a result of infection, as evidenced by high temperature (38.6°C) and bilateral tympanic membra...
The Respiratory System 1. Define respiration. Respiration is the process of converting glucose to energy, which goes to every cell in the body. 2. Describe the organs of external respiration.
This disease was first diagnosed in 1918 and it was referred to as the “Spanish Flu” or “La Grippe.” To this day it is thought to of been the same strain as the swine influenza however it is still unclear. For this particular outbreak it’s not exactly know whether humans contracted the virus from pigs or vice versa. Either way between 20-40 million people died from it. The first confirmed case of H1N1 in the U.S. was diagnosed on April 15th, 2009. The CDC quickly began developing a vaccine due to the fact that it was declared a public health emergency about a week later by the government. It tu...
This disease can also occasionally be caused by Bordetella bronchiseptica. Bordetella pertussis are aerobic coccobacilli which are gram- negative, human- specific pathogens. This bacteria thus uses aerobic respiration for metabolism. This bacteria is “encapsulated and does not produce spores” (NCBI) B. pertussis typically lives in the human respiratory mucosa although it may survive for a few days on contaminated objects. The bacteria attach to cilia that is part of the upper respiratory epithelium and harm them by releasing toxins in the area. This leads to the inflammation of the
The Flu was first founded in Seattle September, 1918. The avian flu can also be known as the “Bird Flu”. The bird flu is being passed around by migratory birds. It can be transmitted from birds to mammals and in some limited circumstances to humans. The flu will also be known as the H5N1 virus. The H5N1 virus has raised concerns about a potential human pandemic because its virulent (deadly; extremely dangerous) and it can evolve like other influenza viruses. As many other viruses and illnesses the flu can be a lot more deadlier. When you get the flu the lungs are severely harmed from infected cells called macrophages and T-cells. The virus can spread way beyond the lungs but generally do not. Many people catch the flu and think they have the common cold because of some of the same symptoms. But actually the flu can be more dangerous if you don’t treat it immediately.
Murray, M.2006. The epidemiology of SARS. In SARS in China: Prelude to pandemic?, ed. A. Kleinman and J. Watson, 17-30. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.
World Health Organization “Frequently Asked Questions on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS),” Communicable Disease Surveillance & Response (CSR), March 24. (2003). World Health Organization . Retrieved March 29, 2004.
Respiratory disease is a major health problem and had become control of epidemic and pandemic disease in health care. (WHO, 2007). Nowadays, respiratory disease is global problem that occur in both developed and developing countries. Over 50 million of world population suffers from respiratory diseases. Respiratory system is very essential for human beings to live as this exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide for respiration. Respiratory disease is a pathologic condition that affects all the parts of the respiratory system, being with nose, trachea, bronchi and lungs. Diseases can be categorized, for instance, acute infection like common cold, chronic (Asthma) and fatal (lung cancer). It can be causes due to several factors such as infections,