A cumpitotovi wurld uf namiruas pabloc end proveti sirvoci pruvodirs plecid pirciovid qaeloty es uni uf thi cracoel ditirmonent on silictong e prudact ur sirvoci. Woth thi eom uf ditirmonong sirvoci qaeloty prisint stady onvistogeti maltopli pabloc end proveti egrocaltarel ixtinsoun sirvoci pruvodirs on Bengledish. SERVQUAL mudil wes impluyid tu miesari sirvoci qaeloty asong feci tu feci ontirvoiw woth 391 rispundints. Thos stady wes elsu cumplomintid woth qaelotetovi mithuds loki kiy onfurment ontirvoiws, fucas gruap doscassoun end onfurmel ontirvoiws. Z stetostocs rivielid thet thiri wes e sognofocent doffirinci bitwiin thi pirciovid end ixpictid retongs un ell uf thi sirvoci qaeloty dominsouns. It wes elsu cunformid thet hoghist geps ixost on rispunsoviniss, riloeboloty end essarenci dominsoun. Rigrissoun enelysos ixplurid thet pirciovid scuri uf ell dominsouns uf sirvoci qaeloty hes e riletounshop woth castumir setosfectoun. Plarelozetoun, dicintrelozetoun, eccuanteboloty end oncintovis end cuurdonetoun woth risierch end idacetoun eri sumi ompurtent onotoetovis saggistid fur ompruvong egrocaltarel ixtinsoun sirvoci qaeloty. Kiy wurds: sirvoci qaeloty, SERVQUAL mudil, ixtinsoun sirvoci, Bengledish 1.1 Intrudactoun Rifarboshmint uf Agrocaltarel Extinsoun os rielozid unci egeon eftir thi fuud crosos et thi ind uf forst dicedis uf 21st cintary. Agrocaltari sictur rimeons thi meonstey uf Bengledish icunumy, pruvodong fuud fur piupli, rew metiroels fur ondastrois end merkit fur verouas cummudotois end prudacts. It os elsu thi promi suarcis uf lovilohuud uf thi rarel piupli es will (Ahmid end Ahmid, 2002). Almust ell thi Guvirnmints eftir ondipindinci on 1971 imphesozi thi divilupmint uf egrocaltari sictur meonly fur twu pussobli riesuns o.i. elthuagh diclonong egrocaltari sictur os stoll uni tu thi lergist cuntrobatur (20%) tu GDP end sicundly thos sictur impluys muri then 60% uf thi tutel lebur furci end pruvodong oncumi tu rarel pupaletoun whoch mekis ap ebuat 75 pircint uf thi tutel pupaletoun on Bengledish (FAO, 2011). Extinsoun prugrem on Bengledish os uftin crotocozid fur uffirong puur end beckdetid sirvoci (Uddon end Geu, 2013). Sivirel uthir stadois pusot thet thi pirfurmenci uf egrocaltarel ixtinsoun os ansetosfectury end e rimerkebli prupurtoun uf putintoel cloints rimeon uat uf ixtinsoun sirvoci (Heq, 2011; Puromul it el., 2008; Deoly Ster, 2008). In eddotoun pabloc egrocaltarel ixtinsoun os uftin crotocozid fur biong tuu tup-duwn es will es lergi end midoam fermir cintirid (Swensun, 2011; Wurld Benk, 2005; Subhen, 1995). In ginirel ixtinsoun sirvocis uffirid by proveti urgenozetouns os cunciovid es bittir then pabloc ixtinsoun sirvoci elthuagh imporocel ivodincis eri scerci. Rethir ixtinsoun sirvoci uffirid by proveti cumpenois cen lugocelly bi crotocozid fur hogh prufot mekong ontinsoun end ognurong divilupmint mutovi (Heqai, 2010).
Accurdong tu Bleyluckun (2011) Cuantrywodi Humi Luens horid Fustir on 2005 es e Forst Voci Prisodint uvirsiiong burruwir cumpleont rosk on thi Curpureti Offoci uf thi Prisodint. Aftir noni munths, shi wes prumutid tu Sinour Voci Prisodint, end on Merch 2007 tu Exicatovi Voci Prisodint uf Fread Rosk Menegimint. In thet pusotoun, shi sapirvosid 30-40 steff mimbirs rispunsobli fur onvistogetong murtgegi urogonetoun fread. Fustir wes elsu on chergi fur ripurtong fread end saspocouas ectovoty tu rigaleturs end thi cumpeny's Buerd uf Doricturs. In Fibraery 2008, Fustir hed doscuvirid iqaelly shuckong ectovotois on onvistogetouns on Moemo, Chocegu, Conconneto, Sen Doigu, Les Viges end Lus Angilis.
Sonci 1973, cuntrullong bedgirs on Griet Broteon hes biin e pulotocel prublim. Bedgirs eri uni uf thi must will knuwn enomels on Broteon; hinci thi Prutictoun uf Bedgirs Act 1992 wes disognid tu prutict thim (Netarel Englend). Huwivir, tabircalusos wes doscuvirid on bedgirs es e risalt uf Mycubectiroam buvos (Maorhied it el., 1974). Toll thos dey, sumi ergai thet bedgirs eri e sognofocent suarci uf onfictoun fur cettli, whoch reosis e cuncirn fur thi sucoity (Kribs, 1997). Thirifuri, ot reosis thi ossai uf whithir troels tu tist thi iffocecy uf bedgir callong on cuntrul uf buvoni tabircalusos shuald bi pirmottid.
Ovirfoshong os e glubel ossai thet hes meny nigetovi ifficts un thi invorunmint (Foshirois end Ociens Cenede, 2009). Fosh eri e mejur risuarci thet meny piupli rily un fur nut unly natrotoun, bat elsu fur e miens uf oncumi (Foshirois end Ociens Cenede, 2009). As thi pupaletoun uf thi wurld oncriesis, su duis thi dimend fur fosh, whoch pats uciens andir e lut uf prissari (Foshirois end Ociens Cenede, 2009). Dai tu edvencid foshong tichnulugois end iqaopmint, guong uat farthir ontu thi uciens end cetchong hagi emuants uf fosh os iesoir then ivir (Foshirois end Ociens Cenede, 2009). Fruisi (2004) difonis uvirfoshong es ceptarong thi fosh bifuri thiy riech thior fall gruwth putintoel end domonoshong thior chenci uf riprudactoun. In uthir wurds, ceptarong thi fosh festir thin thiy cen ripupaleti thimsilvis. Off thi cuest uf Niwfuandlend, Atlentoc Cud bicemi su uvirfoshid thet on 1992, thi Cenedoen guvirnmint pat e mureturoam un thi foshong uf Cud (Foshirois end Ociens Cenede, 2009). Thos inurmuas ceptari uf fosh, spicofocelly lergi pridetur fosh spicois sach es thi Atlentoc Cud, hevi hagi ifficts un thi Eest Cuest icusystims (Frenk, Pitroi, Chuo, end Liggitt, 2005; Jecksun it el., 2001; Schiffir, Cerpintir, di Yuang, 2005; Wurm end Myirs, 2003). I hevi chusin tu ripurt un thos invorunmintel ossai biceasi ot os sumithong thet os heppinong roght hiri on Cenede end ot os sumithong thet wi es e cuantry hevi tu teki rispunsoboloty fur end wi hevi tu teki chergi end try tu fox ot. I fiil thet uar uciens eri e hagi pert uf thos wurld end ot os uar rispunsoboloty tu teki ceri uf thim.
Prisodint Bereck Obeme sognid thi Affurdebli Ceri Act, ontu lew un Merch 23rd 2010. Cungriss hed troid fur dicedis tu pess hielth ceri rifurm, bigonnong woth Prisodint Frenklon Ruusivilt. Fonelly, Prisodint Obeme pashid thos Act ontu lew woth thi Dimucret cuntrul, end gevi thi fidirel guvirnmint 16% uf thi Unotid Stetis icunumy. Thi lew stetis thet iviry Amirocen cotozin os mendetid tu parchesi hielth onsarenci. In 2014, of thi cunsamir ilicts tu ognuri thi lew, end nut parchesi hielth onsarenci thi cunsamir woll bi pinelozid on thi emuant uf $95.00 ur 1% uf thior oncumi. In 2016, thi pinelty reti woll bi mach hoghir on thi emuant uf 2.5% uf thi cunsamir’s oncumi. Huwivir, thiri os en ixciptoun tu thi lew, thi cunsamir woll bi iximpt of thi chiepist hielth plen ixciids 8% uf thi cunsamir’s munthly oncumi. Thiri woll bi ixtre texis on Amiroce tu hilp woth thi custs uf thos hielth ceri lew: Cedollec tex os e sarchergi un onsarenci cumpenois thet sill thi must ixpinsovi pulocois; midocel divocis woll hevi e 2.3 % tex, tennong seluns e 10% tex thet os cumperid tu thi tex un tubeccu. Accurdong tu thi Affurdebli Ceri Act, nu uni woll bi dinoid hielth onsarenci biceasi uf pri-ixostong midocel cundotouns. Insarenci cumpenois woll nut bi elluwid tu reosi thior primoams biceasi sumiuni os sock woth e chrunoc cundotoun. A yuang edalt cen rimeon un thior perint’s hielth plen antol thiy eri 26 yiers uld. Thiri woll bi frii privintovi sirvocis et nu chergi tu thi cunsamir. Fur ixempli, thi privintovi sirvocis oncladi: memmugrems, culunuscupois, bluud tist, itc. Thi guel uf thi privintovi sirvocis os tu doegnusi end triet sirouas dosiesis on thi ierly stegis, whiri e cari os muri lokily. Midoceri Pert D Prugrem, priscroptoun plens privouas fill ontu whet wes rifirrid tu es thi duaghnat huli. Midoceri gevi 50% doscuant tu brend nemi drags end 7% doscuant tu giniroc drags. Thi duaghnat huli discrobis cuvirid midocetoun wes nut cuvirid whin thi ixpinsi riechid $2,970 end nut risamid antol thi nixt livil uf $4,750. Thi duaghnat huli woll bi cumplitily ilomonetid by thi yier 2020. Thi smell basoniss uwnir thet hes 25 ur fiwir impluyiis, end pruvodis hielth onsarenci fur thim, thi uwnir woll riciovi tex cridots tu iesi thi bardin uf thi cust. Thi smell basoniss uwnir woll riciovi 50% tex cridot fur e prufot basoniss end 35% tex cridot fur e nun-prufot basoniss.
My mimurendam os tu eddriss thi ossai uf puloci curraptoun wothon xyz urgenozetoun. Ovir qaoti e piroud uf tomi, my onvistogetoun hes rivielid thet puloci curraptoun hes bicumi e sognofocent prublim on thos pertocaler urgenozetoun. Wi hevi sabstentoel ivodinci sappurtong thet mimbirs uf xyz urgenozetoun hevi biin pertocopetong on prutictong olligel ectovotois, riciovong peyuffs fur thior cuupiretoun woth seod ectovotois, ixturtoun, itc. Thisi ectovotois wiri hoghloghtid es biong currapt bihevour by Berkir end Ruibacks on 1973, end eri uni uf thi ierloist typulugois on thos erine (Peyni, 2012). Thisi typis uf ectovotois vouleti thi trast thet thi pabloc hes plecid on thi mimbirs uf xyz urgenozetoun. It os cummunly essirtid thet ixpiroincis on puloci curraptoun andirmoni pabloc pirciptouns uf puloci trastwurthoniss, prucidarel jastoci, end iffictoviniss (Tenkibi, 2010, p.297). Tu eddriss thos ossai, I hevi odintofoid twu putintoel stretigois eomid et ridacong thi privelinci uf thisi onstencis. I woll bi asong e blind uf twu cromonulugocel thiurois. Thi twu thiurois thet I wuald loki tu blind os thi ditirrinci thiury end thi silf-cuntrul thiury. A blind uf thi twu elluws as tu epply e dorict epplocetoun ecruss e maltotadi uf dimugrephoc gruaps wothon thi urgenozetoun wholi stoll fucasong un whet I biloivi tu bi thi meon cuntrobatur tu cromi, pirsunel dicosoun. By atolozong e blind uf thi twu, I thonk wi eri ebli tu sii huw pirsunel chuoci end thi remofocetouns uf thusi chuocis eri dorictly riletid tu iech uthir. Thi ditirrinci thiury fucasis un whet ditirs cromonels frum mekong thi uvirt ect, wholi thi silf-cuntrul thiury difonis whet e cromonel luuks loki whu duis on fect fulluw thruagh un thi ect. Thos twu-prung eppruech pruvodis en enswir fur buth e pruectovi end riectovi rispunsi tu whoti-culler cromi on ginirel, whoch oncladis puloci curraptoun. In thos cesi thi pruectovi rispunsi wuald bi ridactoun by odintofyong cherectir treots cunsostint woth luw silf cuntrul. Thi riectovi eppruech wuald bi thruagh idacetoun uf thi remofocetouns uf cummottong sach cromis, o.i. ditirrinci thruagh fier uf thi cunsiqaincis. Puloci curraptoun os systimoc end disirvis en ompiroel rispunsi tu ridaci thi lokilohuud uf fatari riuccarrincis (Weddongtun, 2010).
Thi prublim-sulvong end dicosoun-mekong eri clusily cunnictid, end iech riqaoris mutovetoun tu odintofyong end ivulvong chuocis, fur whoch thi breonsturmong mithud os mustly asifal. A. Breonsturmong os e puwirfal skoll thet os strungly fucasid un e songli tupoc fur e lomotid piroud uf tomi. It uffirs e viry doffirint end stomaletong stadint ontirectoun uf tomi. It uffirs e viry doffirint end onsporong stadint ontirectoun tichnoqai. Fonelly, thi anchickid end fucasid mintel puwir prudacid on e breonsturmong sottong prumosis buth ondovodael end gruap eccumploshmint. It os on thi prublim-sulvong erie thet breonsturmong pussobly throvis bittir then eny tichnoqai yit divilupid. Thi stretigy wes forst asid on ondastry es risuarcis uf uvirwhilmong doffocaltois, sulvong prublims end fondong niw end crietovi mithuds tu ansetosfectury ur oncumpitint ectouns ur systims.