In the 1960's the first few Mars mission designs were proposed, and, at first, some of the less complicated robotics-based projects were put into action. It was around this time of early Mars exploration and mission planning that project designers realized that we, as humans, would have to adapt to the Martian clock and calendar during these missions; we would not be able to force Mars to work within Earth time periods. In the years that followed, a fairly common way of dealing with this predicament came into being as numerous suggestions were made to solve the problem. Although it might not seem like a major dilemma to a casual onlooker, it is imperative that this time-keeping complication is completely solved in time for the first manned mission to Mars. It is an issue that will not only concern the entire first mission, but will affect all future manned Martian landings.
The biggest problem we have with Martian time-keeping is that earthlings are naturally built for the 24 hour day, 365 day year of Earth; this schedule is so deeply and evolutionarily ground into our being that it is difficult to adapt to Mars' way of time. Our seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months, and years are only earth-bound conventions, for Earth is the only place that they are logistically functional. Stemming from this, on a manned Martian mission, it would be extremely troublesome to coordinate the earth-bound mission members and the mars-bound astronauts because of the difference in time keeping schedules. Furthermore, once a method for time-keeping is established, crafting time pieces for all mission members will continue to be a difficult and bothersome task (USA.gov, 2004).
The primary cause for our Martian time-keeping concerns lies in Ma...
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...s Assets Registry. (2013). An Explanation of Martian Timekeeping. MarsRegistry.com. Retrieved March 25, 2014, from http://marsregistry.com/clock.php
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The story of The Martian focuses on the obstacles botanist and astronaut Mark Watney must overcome to survive on the planet Mars. His adventure is filled with fictional and non-fictional elements that are most likely difficult for the normal individual to identify what is actually realistic and what is simply fantasy. After taking a closer look, this film contains a lot more realism to actual science and space travel today. This paper will closely analyze and discuss three accuracies and inaccuracies of the film in relation to the content discussed in ESS 102 lectures, labs, and assignments.
Stern,D., Peredo, M. (2005, December 25) Some Dates in the Exploration of the Magnetosphere. Retrieved from: http://http://www-spof.gsfc.nasa.gov/Education/whchron2.html
Consequently, it has been observed that internal desynchronization occurs commonly amongst shift workers who are under a societal routine that is considered normal and individuals living in social and temporal isolation. Studies on human beings were conducted under complete temporal and social isolation and under these types of conditions it was revealed that rhythms persist in multiple bodily functions but these individuals were unable to maintain synchrony with a twenty-four hour day. Thus, an experiment was conducted in order to examine a group of shift workers abilities to estimate timer intervals of short duration. This experiment incorporated ten diurnal human beings to be the control subjects of this experiment and twenty-two shift workers. A circadian rhythm in time estimates was reported in the ten diurnal human beings serving as the control group, but was reported as disrupted in the shift workers used during this experiment. Spectral analysis exposed that frequency or circadian component in time estimates are found to be lower in shift workers
Changes from ancient to modern astronomy were a very hard process. There were five main scientists that were part of this process. They are Nicolaus Copernicus, Tycho Brahe, Johannes Kepler, Galileo Galilei, and Sir Isaac Newton. Copernicus holds that the Ptolemy theory is too complex to believe. He felt that the heliocentric model must be the correct one. He also felt that you can measure synodic periods of the planets which is the time the earth takes to orbit the sun from a place that moves, as well as the ability to measure sidereal period. This is the ability to measure earth’s rotation around the sun from a non-moving place. Tycho Brahe felt that predictions can only be made through clear and reliable observations. He was doing observations before the telescope came out. Brahe did a lot of observation on the planet Mars, which gave later astronomers the ability t...
...tthews, John. The summer solstice: celebrating the journey of the sun from May Day to
In 2010, Craig Venter and a team of biologists were the first to successfully sequence the human genome and the first to create a cell with a synthetic genome. Since this ground breaking scientific discovery, new genetic data has become increasingly available that allow biologists to take a closer look at complex evolutionary processes (Venter, 2010). One important instrument used for enhancing the study of evolutionary biology is the molecular clock, first proposed in the 1960s. Since the 1960s, the molecular clock hypothesis has been revised and has led to the development of a new hypothesized “relaxed” molecular clock. With the “relaxed” molecular clock, biologists can gain insights on organisms where biological characteristics cannot be found in fossil records. If the molecular clock hypothesis is valid, this tool can be essential for developing complete evolutionary time scales which enable biologists to fully understand evolutionary rates. The molecular clock is of interest to many scientists and it is one of the mos...
We live a life of constants, the sun will rise, the seasons will change and time shall continue to flow. But everything is not what it seems. The sun is not really rising, as we perceive it to be. It is just our static position on the globe as we rotate, facing towards and away from the sun. The seasons are not changing, they are disappearing. Being replaced by their successor due to the Earth’s tilt, either leaning closer or further from the sun’s warmth and light. Such as these, time may be more intricate than was first believed.
People check the time throughout the day, every day, making time essential to lives. The intrinsic importance of time is twofold: biologically people have an internal clock to regulate the most basic behaviors like breathing, sleeping, and blinking, and socially, time regulates daily lives like communication, farming, and business keeping. In fact, Eviatar Zerubavel, a professor of sociology at Rutgers University, argues that standard time is one of the “most essential” elements of the “social world”; social life is made possible with the ability to relate time (Zerubavel 2). Therefore, any change in the perception of time marks modification in thinking or an alteration to the social fabric. Throughout history perceived time has changed: sundials
Dyson, Marianne J. Space and Astronomy: Decade by Decade. New York: Facts on File, 2007. 14+. Print.
Research News Planetary Scientists are Seeing the Unseeable Richard A. Kerr Science, New Series, Vol. 235, No. 2 -. 4784. The. Jan. 2, 1987, pp. 113-117. 29-31. The 'Standard' of the 'Standard'. Stable URL:
Humans are on a strictly linear line that we call time. Aliens, however, experience time in a spherical manner. This fact made me think, why are we stuck and bounded by time? The answer was obviously because we couldn't see it the right way. It only takes a change in mindset to make a second a minute and a year an hour.
our solar system, but they are unimportant compared to the nine major planets. In this paper I will discuss the planets and how they are each unique.
Our sun is the central pivot point to which or entire planet and solar system is built around. With out it all life on our planet would cease to exist. Within this paper we will explore how our Sun and solar system formed and came to resemble what we see today.
Hawking, G, 1973, Astronomical Alignments in Britain, Egypt and Peru, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Vol. 276, No. 1257, pp. 157-167
Humans can expect to face some major challenges on an expedition to Mars. It has been proven that humanity can travel in space for over two years. Cumulatively, Sergei Constantinovich Krikalev, a Russian cosmonaut, has spent over eight-hundred and three days in Earth orbit (Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, 2005). The expedition to Mars would require the crew to endure a six month journey to the planet, a year of living on the planet, and a six months journey back to Earth. Russian cosmonaut, Valery V. Polyakoz, clocking in at four-hundred and thirty-eight days for just one stay in Earth orbit, shows humanity is capable of a twelve month round trip to Mars (Schwirtz, 2009).