All of the operating system (OS) log files were examined for any suspicious activity. The event logs which were searched were application, security, setup, system, as well as applications and services. According to Sunil Gupta (2013), “Windows has the ability to generate a detailed audit record of security events on each system. Windows logs events for the two types of security Accounts: Computer and User for their logon and authentication “(p.21). The application log was searched for errors and events of programs and applications. Security logs were checked for log-ins to the device and the manipulation of files and folders. Setup logs were searched for information on what programs were installed on the device. System logs provided information on the functioning of Windows OS components. Finally, because all of the laptops examined were using Windows 7, applications and services logs were examined for more fine-grained logging of events from individual components.
Network intrusion poses a threat to the information that is contained on the servers and devices that reside on the internal network. From inside and outside the network, the port scanner snort was used to probe the network for unused, but open ports, which could potentially become the vector of a network breach. From within the network, this was done to be comprehensive in the evaluation. From outside the network the scan was done to see the issue from the perspective of an outsider. Wireshark, a network sniffer, was used from within the network to analyze network traffic as it traversed the network. The program captures traffic in real time for analysis. The captured data can be preserved for immediate or future analysis. The data that was captured was checked for ...
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Gupta, S. (2013). Windows Logon Forensics. Retrieved March 30, 2014 from https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/forensics/windows-logon-forensics-34132
Hadnagy, C. (n.d.). Social Engineering (SE) is both incredibly complex and amazingly simple. Retrieved March 30, 2014 from http://www.social-engineer.org/
Higgins, K. (2012). Five Significant Insider Attacks Of 2012. Retrieved March 30, 2014 from http://www.darkreading.com/vulnerabilities---threats/five-significant-insider-attacks-of-2012/d/d-id/1138865?
Maras, M. (2012). Computer Forensics: Cybercriminals, Laws, and Evidence. Sudbury. Jones and Bartlett Learning LLC.
National Institute of Standards and Technology. (2012). SP800-30 Guide for Conducting Risk Assessments. Retrieved March 30, 2014 from http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-30-rev1/sp800_30_r1.pdf
Throughout the risk assessment process, ideas for action were identified and documented. The documentation of these ideas led to the development of potential action item worksheets which were then selected, prioritized, and refined. Detailed risk assessment information for each hazard is included and located through this document.
Swanson, C. R., Chamelin, N. C., & Territo, L. (2012). Criminal investigation. New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
This essay answers two questions. Question one is to describe the methods and tools used in scanning and enumerating system and network targets and how one can use the results during the rest of the penetration test. The second question concerns what is the favorite tool that this student learned about in this class, how one uses it and an explanation of why and how it enhances one’s ability to conduct a penetration test.
Gardner, T. J., & Anderson, T. M. (2013). Criminal evidence: Principles and cases (8th ed.).
Technologies are advancing in today's world where more information is being generated, stored and distributed through digital gadgets. This requires investigators and forensic expert to increase the use of digital evidence gathering as a tool to fight against cyber-crime (International competition network, n.d.).
The Aim Higher College’s system administrators and network engineers have described seeing some strange behaviors such as high levels of traffic from many hosts that are causing system outages. The web servers of the college have been shutting down frequently by this traffic, it must be from a hacker group trying to attack the school with malicious software. I will review the network traffic from the college’s intrusion detection system and use an intrusion prevention system to block off these threats from the hackers.
Technology has opened new encounters and opportunities for the criminal justice system. There are so many new practices of criminal activity, such as computer crimes. There are different types of computer crimes that many people become victims of every day. Computer crime is any crime that involves a computer and a network. The computer may have been used in the commission of a crime, or it may be the target ("Computer Crime: Chapter 2: What Are the Crimes?", n.d.). Crimes such as data diddling, pump and dump, social engineering and spoofing are computer crimes. Even though these crimes are difficult by privacy issues, the new technology has made investigations and prosecutions well organized and effective. Though views are different on the pros and cons of specific technological changes in the criminal justice system, there is an agreement the system has changed affectedly ("Effects of Technology in Criminal Justice | eHow", n.d.).
In 1980, James Anderson’s paper, Computer Security Threat Monitoring and Surveillance, bore the notion of intrusion detection. Through government funding and serious corporate interest allowed for intrusion detection systems(IDS) to develope into their current state. So what exactly is IDS? An IDS is used to detect malicious network traffic and computer usage through attack signatures. The IDS watches for attacks not only from incoming internet traffic but also for attacks that originate in the system. When a potential attack is detected the IDS logs the information and sends an alert to the console. How the alert is detected and handled at is dependent on the type of IDS in place. Through this paper we will discuss the different types of IDS and how they detect and handle the alerts, the difference between a passive and a reactive system and some general IDS intrusion invasion techniques.
Social engineering is a term used in political science in a double sense, one refers to efforts to influence attitudes, relationships or social actions in the population of a country or region, and the other a way to implement programs of social changes.
National security in the United States is extremely important and requires extensive risk management measures including strategic, exercise, operational and capability-based planning, research, development, and making resource decisions in order to address real-world events, maintain safety, security and resilience (Department of Homeland Security [DHS], 2011). The national security and threat assessment process consists of identifying the risk and establishing an objective, analyzing the relative risks and environment, exploring alternatives and devising a plan of action for risk management, decision making and continued monitoring and surveillance (DHS, 2011). Identifying risks entails establishing a context to define the risk, considering related risks and varying scenarios, including the unlikely ones, which then leads to the analysis phase; gathering data and utilizing various methodologies and analysis data software systems to survey incidence rates, relative risks, prevalence rates, likelihood and probable outcomes (DHS, 2011). These two key phases lay the foundation to explore alternatives and devise action plans. Threats, vulnerabilities and consequences (TCV) are also a key component of many national security risk management assessments because it directly relates to safety and operation capabilities, but the text stress that it should not be included in the framework of every assessment because it is not always applicable (DHS, 2011).
Gaensslen, R. E., Harris, H A., & Lee, H. (2008). Introduction to Forensic Science and Criminalistics. New York, NY: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. .
Whoever detects the incident or by an individual who has notified that the incident may have occurred, the details surrounded by the incidents are documented. (For example, help desk or security personnel) To take advantage of the team’s expertise the control of the response should be forwarded to the Computer Security Incident Response Team early in the process. The more steps in the initial response phase performed by the Computer Security Incident Response Team is better.
The Inherent Safety Index (ISI) was developed from the selected inherent safety parameters for conceptual process design. The list of parameters present in the conceptual process design are heat of reaction, flammability, explosiveness, total exposure, pressure,
A hazard is a potential damage, adverse health or harm that may effects something or someone at any conditions. Other than that, the risk may be high or low, that somebody could be harmed depending on the hazards. Risk assessment is a practice that helps to improve higher quality of the develop process and manufacturing process. It is also a step to examine the failure modes of the product in order to achieve higher standard of safety and product reliability. Unfortunately, it is common that a product safety risk assessments are not undertaken, or not carried out effectively by manufacturer. Mostly an unsafe and unreliable product was produced and launched on to the market. Thus, the safety problems are mostly identified after an accident happened or after manufacturing problems arisen. In order to prevent risk, a person should take enough precautions or should do more to prevent them because as a user should be protected from harm that usually caused by a failure for whom did not take reasonable control measures.
Computer crime or Cyber Crime is defined as any type of crime that involves or regards a computer or computer network. Cyber Crime mainly means that the computer may be used as a tool in the commission of the crime or the computer may be the main target of the criminal’s crime. The rapid growth of technology and gadgets as well as the further de...