With the signing of the peace treaty between the Dutch and the English in 1667, the colony of New Amsterdam became controlled by the English and was renamed as New York. As a relatively new colony, the English sought to establish a society and more importantly an economy. Due to New York’s strategically accessible geographic location in its proximity to the water, a more marketable and industrialized economy was developed in comparison to the southern cash crop plantation economies. Labor continued to be in high demand in New York during the early eighteenth century, which made the Atlantic slave trade a crucial component of the economy. Specifically between the years of 1720 and 1730, only two slave voyages travelled to New York; one of which bore the name Crown Gally, commanded by Captain Dennis Downing. The voyage of the Crown Gally not only illuminates why there were only two slave voyages during this time period, but also why colonists turned to Madagascar for slaves, and why so many slaves died along the voyage to the New World. On February 02, 1720, the Crown Gally set sail from London to Madagascar, which was the primary site of slave purchase. Once the two-hundred and forty slaves embarked upon the ship at Madagascar, the Crown Gally then commenced its remainder of a four-hundred and sixty-seven day trip to New York, which landed on June 05, 1721. 1While this itinerary may appear to resemble any other slave voyage that departed from London and had bought slaves on the West Coast of Africa, it is not. In fact, the Crown Gally voyage to New York was completely illegal. Prior to the date of embarkation from London in 1720, the Crown Gally, which was registered in London, was previously registered in New York in 1716 und... ... middle of paper ... ...ar Slave Trade," The William and Mary Quarterly, 26, no. 4 (1969): 549,550,571, Darold D. Wax, "Preferences for Slaves in Colonial America," The Journal of Negro History, 58, no. 4 (1973): 386, 389 Joseph E. Inikori, "The Volume of the British Slave Trade, 1655-1807 (Le volume de la traite anglaise, 1655-1807)," Cahiers d'Études Africaines, 32, no. 128 (1992): 646,647 www.slaveyoyages.org : Summary Statistics 1700-1750 Voyages to New York Mike Parker Pearson, "Close Encounters of the Worst Kind: Malagasy Resistance and Colonial Disasters in Southern Madagascar," World Archaeology, 28, no. 3 (1997): 393-394,401, 409 www.slavevoyages.org Summary Statistics Voyages to New York 1700-1800 Richard B Allen, "Satisfying the “Want for Labouring People”: European Slave Trading in the Indian Ocean, 1500–1850," Journal of World History, 21, no. 1 (2010): 58,
Winthrop D. Jordan author of White Over Black: American Attitudes Toward the Negro 1550-1812, expresses two main arguments in explaining why Slavery became an institution. He also focuses attention on the initial discovery of Africans by English. How theories on why Africans had darker complexions and on the peculiarly savage behavior they exhibited. Through out the first two chapters Jordan supports his opinions, with both facts and assumptions. Jordan goes to great length in explaining how the English and early colonialist over centuries stripped the humanity from a people in order to enslave them and justify their actions in doing so. His focus is heavily on attitudes and how those positions worked to create the slave society established in this country.
The Atlantic Slave Trade affected millions of lives throughout the centuries that it existed and now many years later. It was so widely and easily spread throughout four continents and with these documents we get to read about three different people with three different point of views. A story of the life as a slave from an African American slave himself, how the slave trade was just a business from the point of view from merchants and kings, and letter from King Affonso I referring to the slave trade to King Jiao of Portugal.
As these sources have illustrated due to the high demand for free labor, slavery became a prominent problem through this era. However, African enslaved did not simply obey their capture. The primary source The Slaves Mutiny written by in 1730 by William Snelgrave focuses on another aspect of slavery that the other sources didn’t quite touch on, or go into much depth, and that would be slave revolt or mutiny. Author Snelgrave explains that “several voyages proved unsuccessful by mutinies.”# As author Snelgrave states upon ““what induced them (the African slaves) to mutiny? They answered, “I was a rogue to buy them, in order to carry them away form their own country, and that they were resolved to regain their liberty if possible.”# Author Snelgrave states, “They had forfeited their freedom before I bought them, either by crimes or by being taken in war, according to the custom of their country, and they now being my
Franklin, J., Moss, A. Jr. From Slavery to Freedom. Seventh edition, McGraw Hill, Inc.: 1994.
Boxer, C.R. : The Dutch Seaborne Empire (London, 1965). Canny, Nicholas: The Oxford History of the British Empire, Vol I, The Origins of the Empire (New York 1998). Curtin, Philip D: The rise and fall of the plantation complex: Essays in Atlantic history (Cambridge, 1990). Dunn, Richard S.: Sugar and Slaves (North Carolina,1973).
The slave trade into the United States began in 1620 with the sale of nineteen Africans to a colony called “Virginia”. These slaves were brought to America on a Dutch ship and were sold as indentured slaves. An Indentured slave is a person who has an agreement to serve for a specific amount of time and will no longer be a servant once that time has passed, they would be “free”. Some indentured slaves were not only Africans but poor or imprisoned whites from England. The price of their freedom did not come free.
Slavery in the eighteenth century was worst for African Americans. Observers of slaves suggested that slave characteristics like: clumsiness, untidiness, littleness, destructiveness, and inability to learn the white people were “better.” Despite white society's belief that slaves were nothing more than laborers when in fact they were a part of an elaborate and well defined social structure that gave them identity and sustained them in their silent protest.
Many economic systems are revealed in A Respectable Trade: Slavery, Feudalism, Self-Employment, and Capitalism. England in 1788 was entering a period of economic transition. Viewing this finite period in A Respectable Trade allows us, as economists, to dissect the different market systems prevalent during that time.
Rediker, Marcus. The Slave Ship A Human History. New York, New York: Penguin Group, 2007. Print.
Slaves and slave trade has been an important part of history for a very long time. In the years of the British thirteen colonies in North America, slaves and slave trade was a very important part of its development. It even carried on to almost 200 years of the United States history. The slave trade of the thirteen colonies was an important part of the colonies as well as Europe and Africa. In order to supply the thirteen colonies efficiently through trade, Europe developed the method of triangular trade. It is referred to as triangular trade because it consists of trade with Africa, the thirteen colonies, and England. These three areas are commonly called the trades “three legs.”
The 1600’s were a time of expansion in the new world. Unfortunately the development of this area led slavery to be the main source of labor. As history teaches us slavery was used extensively in the new world. The main areas of concern of this paper are how slavery in the Caribbean carried over its practice in the American South. The slave system was implemented in the Caribbean on a larger scale before the South implemented their system. The slave plantations of the Caribbean served as a learning platform for the slavery system in the south. The development of Caribbean slave laws, slave revolts, transfer of information on this practice to the South and the South’s implementation of these slave laws, and the slave issues in check.
The establishment of a trade system between Europe, Africa, and the Americas, better known as the Triangular Trade, allowed for an increase in slave labor in the Americas, and in turn sent raw materials and finished products to Europe and Africa, respectively. Although the American colonies had always had interaction with Europe, there was no interaction with Africa before this time, especially not between Africa and the colonies. However, when the need for increased slave labor arose, so did the need...
The history of African-Americans has been a paradox of incredible triumph in the face of tremendous human tragedy. African-American persons were shown much discrimination and were treated as second class citizens in the colonies during the development of the nation. The first set men, women, and children to work in the colonies were indentured servants, meaning they were only required to work for a set amount of years before they received their freedom. Then, in 1619 the first black Africans came to Virginia. With no slave laws in place, they were initially treated as indentured servants, a source of free labor, and given the same opportunities for freedom dues as whites. However, slave laws were soon passed – in Massachusetts in 1641 and Virginia in 1661 –and any small freedoms that might have existed for blacks were taken away (“African American Slavery in the Colonial Era, 1619-1775”). Legislation later allowed laws permitting the act of slavery in the colonies and the areas under the Royal Crown. For example, in 1661 the Barbados Slave Code was passed by the colonial English legislature to provide a legal base for slavery in the Caribbean island of Barbados. This law allowed slave owners the right to do anything they wished to their slaves, including mutilating them and burning them alive, without any interference from the government (“Sugar and Slaves”). From the first ship of African slaves delivered in 1619 to the Revolutionary War to the Civil War and recent history, the legacy of the men, women, and children slaves lives on in the hearts of many in the United States of America through the impact of the colonies economically, socially, and politically.
The production of sugarcane and cotton in the New World increased the urgency for laborers in the new colonies, in which led to the major importation of African slaves. These plantations and farms, in the New World sparked the golden business of slave trading, a business that will guide the Dutch to economic wealth. The Dutch entered the slave trade around the 16th...
The concept of the slave trade came about in the 1430’s, when the Portuguese came to Africa in search of gold (not slaves). They traded copper ware, cloth, tools, wine, horses and later, guns and ammunition with African kingdoms in exchange for ivory, pepper, and gold (which were prized in Europe). There was not a very large demand for slaves in Europe, but the Portuguese realized that they could get a good profit from transporting slaves along the African coast from trading post to trading post. The slaves were bought greedily by Muslim merchants, who used them on the trans-Sahara trade routes and sold them in the Islamic Empire. The Portuguese continued to collect slaves from the whole west side of Africa, all the way down to the Cape of Good Hope (South Africa), and up the east side, traveling as far as Somalia. Along the way, Portugal established trade relations with many African kingdoms, which later helped begin the Atlantic Slave Trade. Because of Portugal’s good for...