TRANSLATION AND READING By Rainer Schulte In moments when the established boundaries and guiding principles of literary criticism are being severely questioned as to their past and present validity, new avenues of research thinking must be pursued. The field of Translation Studies engages us in an important research area that will revitalize the study of the arts and humanities. By its very nature, translation links theory with practice. Furthermore, Translation Studies bridges the gap between literary
principle of translation practice requires? At a glance, it is easy to come to the conclusion that they break the rule, but further analysis actually justifies their approaches as being faithful. William Robinson criticizes that theses approaches make feminist translation “not a translation, but a mutilation” of the original texts (1934, p. 151). Contrary to what critiques suggest, in fact, neither the “hijacking” method nor the usage of inclusive language
The Imperfection of Translation The essential problem with translation is an obvious one. A word has more qualities than just its denotation. For one, a word has a sound, an attribute which has great importance in poetry (though we should not underestimate its significance in prose, as well). Also, a word consists of various connotations, meanings which only rarely cross over from language to language. Complicating matters is the nature of literature itself. Writers and poets put pressure
Poems have the ability to bring readers to a new place and to challenge their thinking. In a few words and often less than a page, poems expose readers to emotion and meaning in a limited space. With the presence of translation, readers around the world are able to dissect and discover the writings of authors in countries other than their own. However, different readings of a poem provide audiences with a different understanding of the poem, for one language does not translate directly into another
Translation Analysis Since there is no a definitive translation of any text, multiple translations can allow us to conceive the original text (even though we don’t know the language of the source text). "The study of multiple translations substantially enlarges the interpretive process and perspectives that readers draw from the text" (Schulte 1994). In other words, comparing various translations of the same text as in (Charles Baudelaire Correspondence, A Multiple Reading of Rainer Maria Rilke
called translation plagiarism, is bound to arise. In most cases, authors can directly copy ideas from other language and culture without taking any risks. Meanwhile, the authors can gain both fame and wealth in their region. On the other hand, even if we detect the authors who plagiarized ideas from other language, it’s very difficult to judge it. Moreover, there is almost no such possibility to stop as they usually cross international borders. In this article, a typical case of translation plagiarism
Translation is an operation of translating language, sentences, or text from one language (Source Language) into any other language (Target language). In translating a text, there are many translation methods can be applied. They are free translation, semantic translation, idiomatic translation, and any other methods. Furthermore, every single method has different characteristics. Moreover, when students are going to interpret a text, they possess their own thinking to apply the methods of translation
globalization, translation becomes a prime vehicle to intercultural communication. Different translation strategies are used in different applicable areas. This paper is geared towards scrutinizing the features and practices of various translation strategies, encompassing literal translation, semantic translation, communicative translation, complication and rewrite. Literal Translation Literal translation converts the source text (ST) into target text (TT) via word-to-word translation. Newmark (1988)
Research into poetry translation dominates translation studies (Jones, 2011:181), due to the genre’s high status (Bassnett, 2002:114) and the “rich variety of problems” (Jones, 2011:182) it poses translators. This essay will discuss the challenges faced by poetry translators - both those which all literary translators encounter and those specifically relevant to poetry. I will illustrate my points by referring to Roy Campbell’s translation (Fleurs du mal, 2014) of Baudelaire’s 1861 poem L’Albatros
major concepts and models of translation theories, concepts of equivalence and discuss importance of equivalents in scientific texts translation processes. It is an attempt to analyse what decisions are made by Polish translator when working with positive psychology texts in English, what models of translation can be adopted and how equivalence may be of use in this process. 2.2 Models of translation: Instrumental versus Hermeneutic Model Although the history of translation theory and practice has been
Scene i: Play opens on eerie, macabre note in "an open place," where we see the three witches, the "weird sisters." In a dozen lines, they announce their evil nature by saying "Fair is foul,and foul is fair/Hover through the fog and the filthy air," and their intention to meet with Macbeth once the "hurly-burly" of a battle between the forces loyal to the King Duncan (led by Macbeth) and a rebels army (led by the current Thane of Cawdor) comes to an end. (Jump to the text of Act I, Scene i) Scene
Machine Translation Abstract In this paper, the overview of machine translation (MT) is presented. The original idea of MT has been investigated since 1950s by many research groups and at present many MT systems have been created and developed around the world. Three approaches of MT systems: direct translation, transfer and interlingual approaches are common systems. The main idea of direct translation approach is word-by-word replacement before the transformation of the structure from source
Beowulf Translations In Time Beowulf. The oldest and, arguably, the greatest epic in English literature’s vast history. Beowulf is an epic poem, originally written in Old English, that details the heroic exploits of the warrior, Beowulf, throughout his life. It represents the heroic ideal and the role of fate’s importance to the Old English people, while also addressing politics, war, old-age, kinsmanship, and fantasy. The depth of the poem, in both its poetry and narration, is incredible
In human society, translation plays a significant role, which helps realize effective communication among people. Benjamin (as cited in Venuti, 2000) indicates translation is the mode, which plays a function of transmitting information; hence translatability determines whether the information could be effectively and appropriately delivered and is regarded as the “essential quality of certain works”. Throughout history, many scholars have developed translation theories, which provide various effective
Gideon Toury published Descriptive Translation Studies and Beyond -- a book that reassessed the polysystem approach disliked by some scholars for its over-emphasis on the target system. Toury (1995) maintains that since a translation is designed primarily to fill a need in the target culture, it is logical to make the target system the object of study. Lefevere (1992) has studied translation and its influences on culture and emphasized that translation is not just a window opened to another
Adaptation and Translation: 3. Cultural References: The third angle of this data analysis is concerned with the occurrence of cultural references-defined above- and the strategies used to render them in the target language in both of the translations. Each strategy used will be defined briefly, then a number of examples will be given to further illustrate the strategy. A. Sayidati Al-Jamila (My Fair Lady): When analysing the translation of cultural references in this adapted version of Pygmalion
Nowadays, translation and interpretation are professions that are on the rise; this is due to globalization and more especially with the inception of Internet in our daily life. Because of this, there is currently an increasing demand for information and knowledge waiting to be translated into several languages, so the need for translators and interpreters eventually increased and is expected to continue growing in the coming years as people from all corners of the globe are more intertwined as
Introduction The field of Computational Linguistics is relatively new; however, it contains several sub-areas reflecting practical applications in the field. Machine (or Automatic) Translation (MT) is one of the main components of Computational Linguistics (CL). It can be considered as an independent subject because people who work in this domain are not necessarily experts in the other domains of CL. However, what connects them is the fact that all of these subjects use computers as a tool to deal
Brian Friel's "Translations" 'Translations', by Brian Friel, presents us with an idyllic rural community turned on its head as the result of the recording and translation of place names into English; an action which is at first sight purely administrative. In Act 1 of the play, Friel brings together the inhabitants of this quaint Irish village in what can only be described as a gathering of minds - minds which study the classics, yet minds which study dead languages. In the same way, while
NAVIGATING THE GLOBAL- Tori Brown Sofia Coppola's film, "lost in translation" offers a perspective of the global world, highlighting globalisation and its impact on human nature. She uses the protagonists to examine the difficulties and faults humans make when navigating through modern codes of language, sexuality and building a connection in a alien culture. Her film evaluates an impossible relationship, infused with ambiguity, misinterpretations and tension, to comment on the constraints in a