Lessons from Pan Am 103 and the Tokyo Subway ABSTRACT: Terrorists were very active long before September 11. This essay reviews the 1988 downing of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland and the March 1995 gas attack in the Tokyo subway. The results of these terrorist acts, who carried them out, how they were carried out, and what can be done in the future to prevent such incidents from happening again are all investigated. On December 21, 1988 the world was shocked as a Boeing 747
movement. During 1995 the Japanese experienced what could happen if a doomsday organization practices extreme measures to gain the audience of its fellow citizens. Members of the Aum Supreme Truth (Aum Shinrikyo) dropped sarin gas in the tunnels of a Tokyo subway system in March of 1995 killing 12 and injuring up to 6,000 more. The group’s leader Shoko Asahara (AKA Chizuo Matsumoto) was trying to forcefully fulfill his own prophecies in order to gain the attention of the people (Kaplan, 12). The same type
How to Protect Yourself from Chikan All trains and subways in Tokyo and other cities around Tokyo are terribly crowded during rush hour. In addition to the crowds on trains, young female passengers have to go through one more trial on a train. They must protect themselves from Chikans, men who touch women on the train. Women who are working or studying in Tokyo have to keep three things in mind when they are on a train: how to avoid meeting Chikans, how to protect themselves, and how to protect
Traveling to Tokyo, Japan I will be traveling to Tokyo, Japan for six months on a business trip. I will be traveling with five other members of my organization at Lucent Technologies to assist Lucent- Japan in their process of developing and implementing an Indirect Channel in their country. Since I will be living in Tokyo for six months, it is expected of me to research and learn as much as possible about the Japanese culture and the proper etiquette expected of me as a representative
From the years of 1853 to 1868, the people of Japan experienced major changes in all aspects of their lives. This era, known as the Bakumatsu signified Japan’s change from the traditional Edo period to a modernized Meiji dynasty. This change can be attributed to an American naval officer by the name Matthew Calbrath Perry whom ultimately changed the complexity of Japanese culture. In the eyes of an American, Commodore Perry is seen as one of the greatest influential figures in international history
Martin Arhin The Beefeater Historical: Historical and cultural context surrounding the text. New Historicist: Literature and history as equals: history is a text subject to interpretation. Kanagaki Robun’s “Beef Eater” serves to criticize the western ideals during the Meiji Restoration by portraying a satirical comic view of the new epidemic of beef eating that is infesting Japan. The short story responds to the growing relationship between Japan and the western world and the conflicts between modernization
When opening a business in an international realm, one must examine many factors including cultural differences and geographical locations. When opening a business in a foreign nation, one must examine the need for the product being offered, the acceptance of the product into the culture, and the most effective means of advertising. Disney opened its doors in Japan with much success; much of the success can be attributed to the Japanese culture being very fond of Disney characters. Disney decided
Throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, there was an abundance of essential reformations taking place all over the world. Two of the most significant reformations took place in the countries of Japan and Russia. Peter the Great was the leader of the Russian Reformation while the Meiji Emperor was the initiator of the Meiji Restoration in Japan. Both of these reformations had a number of similarities as well as several distinct differences. The most significant similarities between Japan and the
Sugimoto wanted to express his art through photography because he believed in preserving art. That is why you will notice some reference to history through his photographs. He was born in Tokyo, Japan in 1948. Before becoming a photographer, he was a student who studied in philosophy and Marxist economics in Tokyo. He graduated from Saint Paul’s University in 1970. After graduating he moved to the United States to learn photography. In an article The Test of Time: Hiroshi Sugimoto on art that endures
inability but it did expose the Japanese government’s failure to identify an active terrorist group operating inside its boarders and a massive disappointment for not successfully responding to its citizens in the midst of the attack. The 1995 subway attacks in Tokyo, Japan were perpetrated by the religious group calling themselves Aum Shinrikyo, meaning Supreme Truth, in an attempt to destroy the Japanese government leaving a vacuum for them to assume leadership of the country (Parachini, 2003). The Aum
Snow Country, Yasunari Kawabata depicts a relationship between two people in the mountainous region of Japan. Shimamura, a businessman from Tokyo, visits a village in the snow country and develops a relationship with Komako, a geisha in that village. Their relationship is the central focus of the novel, as it changes each time Shimamura leaves for Tokyo and returns. Kawabata uses the changing of the seasons to reflect these changes in relationship. Since the novel is set in the snow country
Business Analysis Major Trends in the Maple Industry Canada is the largest producer of Maple Syrup in the world, so it is no surprise that the Canadian Maple industry has changed quite dramatically in the past 25 years. According to the Government of Canada, the efficiency of maple farms has increased by almost 20% in the past 25 years. In 1981, a farm would have been able to get 1,404,000 taps. In 2006, this number had increased to 3,913,000 taps per farm. In addition to increasing efficiency, the
Basho 1. Where and when does Basho start his travels? Basho’s journey starts from a 17th Century Japanese city called Edo (present-day Tokyo). He had a cottage in a quiet, rural part of the city. He left Edo in the Spring season, “ It was the Twenty-seventh Day, almost the end of the Third Month.” (p. 2112) 2. Why does Basho start his travels? Like many of us do, Basho was beginning to question the purpose of his existence. In comparison to what Dante was going through during the time he wrote
Sony Merger A great deal of companies and corporations, whether diminutive or immense, merge to become one company. Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) refers to the aspect of corporate strategy, corporate finance and management dealing with the buying, selling and combining of different companies that can aid, finance, or help a growing company in a given industry grow rapidly without having to create another business entity. For instance, the Merger between Sony and MGM in 2005, Sony even took the
During the early 1700's, trade in Japan was often in Osaka. Osaka is a large port city. 10% of all merchants in Osaka worked in the rice exchange. Osaka was located in Dojima. Since the rice market was in Dojima, that’s what the whole rice exchange was called. Items that were traded nationally included pottery, spices, sugar, gold, iron tools, perfume, soy sauce, tofu, candles, pots and pans, silver, and silk. The bakufu (shogun) controlled all foreign trade. The bakufu was the military government
From the eighteenth century through the early twentieth century, China and Japan had similar views regarding Western penetration, yet both countries responded in different ways. By subverting colonial powers, both countries had to adjust their traditional cultures, economy, and political structures in order keep up with westernization. In the past, China was always hesitant to foreign occupation and wanted to keep them out as much as possible. During the Qing dynasty, trade was greatly discouraged
In 1868, the end to the Tokugawa Shogunate led to the formation of the Meiji Restoration which modified Japan’s political, economic, cultural, and social structures similar to the impact of the American and French Revolutions that shaped modern society. These revolutions lead to many different reformations that are distinct from one another. However, similarly they all contributed in shaping today’s modern environment. Many of these similarities and differences include political changes to military
hougen comprising that of the Tokyo area, the Tohoku region, the Kansai region, and even the Kyushu area to name a few places. Also within each certain areas, there may also be variants of each hougen with similar or minor changes such as in Kansai, there’s difference between Osaka and Kyoto for example. In general, the dialects in Japan can be split into about three different parts: Eastern, Western, and Kyushu. Eastern Japan The dialect of Japanese that is spoken in Tokyo is well known as the being
is a scene in Tokyo, Japan and given the chance to visit any place in the world, Tokyo is on the top of that list. I would travel to Tokyo because it's one of the biggest, most high tech, most exciting, and its appealing rich culture. The first reason Japan intrigues me is its immense size from the city landscapes to the country side scenery. When one thinks of Japan, they usually think of the capital. Tokyo is the capital of Japan and one of the largest cities in the world. Tokyo is made up of
destruction, but the disasters that occurred after. As a result of the earthquake, multiple fires, a tornado, a typhoon, and a tsunami broke out and destroyed Tokyo, Yokohama, and all of its surrounding areas. The Great Kanto Earthquake was the deadliest earthquake in Japanese history and caught the city by surprise. The population of Tokyo was hit at 11:58am on September 1st, 1923. This was a time when families were sitting down for lunch at their kitchen tables, students were back for their first