Introduction: Hurricane Katrina was the costliest hurricane to make landfall in the United States of America. An estimated 80% of New Orleans was underwater and authorities reported a total of $125 billion in property damage. The storm made landfall as a category 3 on the Saffir-Simpson scale (Figure 1) with 127 mph winds on August 29th, 2005. Storm surge reached 20 feet, toppling the levees that were meant to protect New Orleans and exposing structural inadequacies. Sadly, 1836 people lost their lives as a result of the storm and more than 250,000 people were displaced from their homes (Hurricane Katrina, Graumann et al.). While in the Gulf of Mexico, the storm reached a category 5 with sustained winds of 77.78 mps (HURDAT). With the impending threat of climate change, understanding the consequences of global warming is crucial. One consequence that is understood to be critical is the observed increase in sea surface temperatures (SSTs), and how this increase will affect the development of storms. According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), one of the contributing factors that made Katrina such a powerful hurricane was the SSTs at two degrees celsius above normal. Additionally, it is mentioned that over the past 100 there has been a trend of increasing SSTs in the Gulf of Mexico (Figure 2). Another is said the be the presence of the “loop current” (belt of warmer water). The storm crossed this “loop current” and intensified greatly.The effects climate change may have on extreme weather events (e.g. hurricanes) is of special interest to both the public and the scientific community. Further understanding may allow for better disaster preparedness and anticipation, hopefully reducing the costly ramif... ... middle of paper ... ... study: to better understand how specific variables affect the development and progression of storms so as to better equip the population for the inevitable onslaught of wind, rain and sea. Works Cited Graumann, Axel, Tamara Houston, Jay Lawrimore, David Levinson, Neal Lott, Sam McCown, Scott Stephens, and David Wuertz. "Hurricane Katrina, A Climatological Perspective." Http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/. US Department of Commerce, Aug. 2006. Web. 7 Dec. 2013. . "HURDAT Re-analysis Data." HURDAT Re-analysis Data. Atlantic Oceanographic & Meterorological Laboratory, 2006. Web. 5 Dec. 2013. . "Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale." Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale. NOAA: National Hurricane Center, n.d. Web. 08 Dec. 2013.
effects of climate are felt throughout the world, all living things are affected with it. The effects of climate change are affecting directly the human life. It has been noticed that around the globe, seasons are shifting, temperatures are climbing and sea levels are rising. The world compares to century ago, it has changed drastically and it is becoming worse with climate change. Climate change will rapidly alter the lands and waters which we all depends upon for survival which will leave our children
The 1930 's was a time of despair and devastation, leaving millions in ruins. America was at an all time low during the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl. The stock market had crashed and a severe drought turned into a disastrous storm. The 1930 's effected the nation and nobody knew the answer to the million dollar question, what caused Americas downfall? Historians have tried hard to solve the impossible puzzle and many have their theories, but the exact cause of the Dust Bowl continues to be
one of the most destructive natural phenomena, consist of rapid vibrations of rock near the earth's surface. Because of their unpredictable occurrence and enormous capacity of destruction, they have brought fear to mankind since ancient times. A single shock usually lasts no more than a few seconds, but a series of smaller quakes may last for as long as five minutes. The quake felt on the surface is always the result, not the cause of some underground geologic process, and in many cases the damage
is due primarily to the presence of easterly winds in the Pacific, which drag the surface water westward and raise the thermocline relatively all the way up to the surface in the east and dampen it in the west. During El Nino conditions, however, the easterlies move east, reducing the continuing interaction between wind and sea, allowing the thermocline to become nearly flat and to plunge several feet below the surface of the water, allowing the water to grow warm and expand. With the help of the National
earthquakes and the structure of the earth, by both naturally and artificially generated seismic waves. An earthquake is defined as the vibration of the Earth’s surface by sound or shock waves usually generated by the energy released from rocks rupturing under stress or by friction between moving rock materials at or mostly below Earth’s surface. A seismologist is a scientist who studies earthquakes and seismic waves. CHAPTER 1 - What Are Seismic Waves? ===================================
what extent does the surface area to volume ratio of an object affect the rate of heat loss from the object Hypothesis: As the ratio of surface area to volume of an object decreases the rate of heat loss from the object will also decrease. Objects with the same surface area to volume ratios loose heat at the same rate so long as there are not other variables involved. Background Knowledge: The surface area to volume ratio of an object is determined by dividing the surface area by the volume and
I wasn’t surprised that our General Manager of RAW, Eric Bischoff put me to manage Carlito, the most un-cool person if not THE worst WWE superstar in the business. After Matt Hardy had to leave the company, I was left with no one to manage. I’m going to miss him. He didn’t deserve to leave. I was fond of Matt. I was intrigued by his raging determination to payback Edge for what he did (betraying him, let alone steal his woman). Eric Bischoff was impressed with my valet skill, he thought I could help
The first agency I volunteered to work for is a program called Summer Quest. Summer Quest is designed to help students that are in the sixth through twelfth grade experience a "positive summer experience." What this actually means is that it provides students an opportunity to do fun and exciting things, in a positive atmosphere. Instead of the students sitting at home alone the entire summer, they have a place where they can hang out and enjoy themselves. This is a great program
The movie “Keith” was released in theatres on April 11 in 2008. It was directed by Todd Kessler. Kessler teamed up with David Zabel on doing the screenplay. The story was written by Ron Carlson. The main characters, Natalie and Keith, are played by Elisabeth Harnois and Jesse McCartney. The movie shows how one person can affect another’s life immensely in such an abbreviated amount of time. Keith is a mysterious teenager. He is unpredictable and difficult to follow. Natalie is a control-freak
amount of water to test on. It will also have a roughly similar amount of particles. I will also put them in the same room together so the room temperature will be the same. The cans are made of the same material (aluminium) because I am testing surface area rather than different materials. I will use a water bath to heat the water so both cans will get the same temperature of water. This is how I will make it a fair test. Method The method I will be using is; I will boil 140ml of water
surrounding air and surface, where as the silver cup will reflect the heat back into the cup therefore keeping the water hotter for longer. SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE Basically it is due to three factors CONDUCTION, CONVECTION and RADIATION. 1. CONVECTION - the hot water in both cups will have convection current in them. The hot water will rise and sink as the water begins to cool. This means the heat energy is being passed on to the metal cup over most of its inner surface. 2. CONDUCTION
screen devices such as phones and tablets. Anyone who has held a mobile phone or handheld game knows that in a short period of time, the glass display becomes visibly dirty without anti-smudge coatings. Unwanted finger print smudges on touch screen surfaces significantly reduces the performance and utility of the device, as well as the quality of the image and the enjoyment of the user. Smudges are composites of materials resulting from contact with human skin and from being stored in pockets. The
Root Surface Caries Caries can affect any surface of the teeth. The most commonly seen caries are found on the crown of a tooth, above the cemento-enamel junction, it is also possible for caries to form on the root surface, below the cemento-enamel junction. Dental root caries has received a great deal of attention in the past few decades. A variety of different patients are at risk for root surface caries. Dentists use several methods of treatment. Root surface caries are also called cemental caries
alien world could exist above the surface. The nature of that world would be beyond their comprehension. You could sit only few inches from the fish, yet be separated from them by an immense chasm. You and the fish lives would be spent in two distinct universes, never entering each other’s world, yet were separated by only the thinnest barrier, the water’s surface. Now imagine that you are in a rainstorm next to the same pond. You notice that the pond’s surface was bombarded by thousands of tiny
Investigating the Speed at Which a Ball Bounces Off a Surface Plan Introduction I intend on investigating the speed at which a ball rebounds of a given surface. I will try and find a relationship between the speed it hits the surface and the speed it comes off the surface. Background Information ====================== The principle of conservation of energy states "Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to another."1 This is the reason that the