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role media plays in politics
role media plays in politics
how 9/11 affected the world
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The quest for peace, happiness, and tranquility are the ultimate desires of all humans. A placid emotional state that is individually subjective. Individuals have a right to pursue the happiness they desire. And yet strife, injustice, want, and oppression are what most individuals on earth experience, to varying degrees. These iniquities spawn increasing acts of terrorism and are characteristic of a variety of despondent groups. Will terrorism be a world-wide scourge in the 21st century? What interaction is there between terrorists and the television media? What is the responsibility of each person on this planet to minimize the negative consequences of terrorism?
September 11, 2001, marked a significant point in the history of humans. It distinctly highlights the culmination of 20th century injustices in the nascent 21st century (Newman, 2008). Terrorism affects people worldwide and it is now a either a subliminal or a conscious stress factor in the lives of many people today. As Yitzhak Rabin, Israel’s former minister of defense, wrote: “Fear of terrorism has become the normal way of life for many people all over the world” (Eitan. 2008). Everyone on earth has been directly affected by terrorism as seen by increased security at airports, at national seaports, and at border patrol and customs centers. Every American is affected indirectly by increased taxes to pay for better homeland security and increased government preparedness.
Northern Ireland and the Middle East have been living with terrorism for decades. Terrorism has left its mark on many European and Central and South American countries. And through television, radio, and the press, many Americans have become acquainted with terrorist violence on a da...
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...eral OneFile. Gale. Apollo Library. 11 Sept. 2008 . Gale Document Number: A125313685 and http://84.18.190.27/proni/essay1.asp
Santurri, E. (1992). Philosophical ambiguities in ostensibly unambiguous time:
The moral evaluation of terrorism. A lecture. Retrieved September 9, 2008. www.justwartheory.com/santurri.pdf
Schreiber, J. (1978). The Ultimate Weapon: Terrorists and World Order,
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Staples, M. (2008, September 11). 'We can't let our guard down' - terrorism expert. Daily Gleaner,A.6. Retrieved September 14, 2008, from Canadian Newsstand Core database. (Document ID: 1552365671).
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The importance of analyzing terrorism is to understand the impact it has had on all factors mentioned above but also to see what changes it has had on behavior, expression and ethics on the human being. When the attacks of 9/11 occurred on American soil, the American people initially reacted with fear, anxiety and anger. Since then, we are witnessing the second and third order effects of it, impacting human behavior, expression and ethics. 9/11 has affected American people in profoundly deep and lingering ways till this day that are both positive and
A United States citizen turning against one’s own government and embracing an ideology to kill another citizen or commit an act of violence is a growing phenomenon commonly known as homegrown terrorism. This transition or radicalization process that transforms an individual into an adversary has intensified since the September 11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. The problem continues to persist in other parts of the world such as Canada, United Kingdom and even in Saudi Arabia, a Non-Western country. This form of extremism has shown its propensity in the United States since the turn of the century when Muslim extremism had its early beginnings as a venue to support a black separatist movement. Today, the threat emerges more rampantly with the accessibility and excess of information technology; as well as the political and socio-economic environment influencing many spectrums of perception and intent.
Herman, E. & Sullivan, G. O.1989. The Terrorism Industry: The Experts and Institutions That Shape Our View of Terror. New York: Pantheon.
Terrorism and the Media . (2008, July 23). Transnational Terrorism, Security & the Rule of Law. Retrieved February 28, 2014, from https://canton.sln.suny.edu/AngelUploads/Content/201402-CAN-JUST-375-0W1/_assoc/2DFCEDA2E5D74D41AF54078C9174402C/Terrorism_and_the_Mass_Media.pdf
As stated by Haddow, C., Bullock, J., Coppola, D.P., Terrorism is a global problem. From 1969 to 2009, over 38,000 terrorist attacks were reported worldwide. Three thousand, or 8 percent of these, targeted Americans or American interests both inside the United States and overseas, leading to the deaths of almost 5600 people and injuries to over 16,000 more (p. 309).
The horrific tragedies on September 11, 2001 changed the course of American national security for decades to come. It took a while for Americans to recover from the sadness, loss and confusion of the attacks. The American government knew that Al Qaeda–the terrorist organization that orchestrated the attacks–was still posing a huge threat to our nation’s security.
Terrorism, then, is a type of political crime that makes use of murder and destruction or the threat of such violence in order to promote change. It is a specific kind of calculated violence with a selected target. Targets can include individuals, groups, communities, or governments. In most cases, excessive violence is used against innocent people which creates a fear that the terrorist can use for coercive purposes. This "fear" is usually directed at someone other than the victim. "In other words, terrorism is a psychological act conducted for its impact on an audience."(1) Since terrorists need publicity to inspire fear, they often seek more unusual events that capture and hold public attention.
Terrorism has influenced civilizations throughout history and has even started wars. In 1914, the Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, who was the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, and his wife, Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, were shot dead in Sarajevo. They were killed by Gavrilo Princip, who was one of six assassins. Their goal was to have Austria-Hungary to create a South-Slav provinces and eventually turn it into a Greater Serbia or a Yugoslavia . These helped start World War I Terrorists are individuals or organizations that use violence as a tactic to achieve political goals. These terrorists are often involved in mass killings and have a trained military. In the our nation’s 237 year history, America has had its fair share of terrorist attacks, but how has terrorism affected American society, government, and international relations.
As the horrific tragedy of September 11 settles into permanent corridors of our conscious life, our reactions as a society are manifold. There is shock, grief, anger and other emotions that we have not fully understood or found words to describe. As we search for explanations, our sages in government, the media and the academy try to help us articulate what we have experienced. We have been told that our innocence is gone, that the third world war has begun and that we are confronting a new and more lethal form of terrorism than the world has ever seen.
The war on terror is at the peak and there are vivid indications that every stone will be turned to halt it. A central assumption is that terrorism is a religious war, apparently between Christians and the Muslims. This is just a moral claim that terrorists are using to attract more people over to their side, as well as create solidarity among the Muslims. As a result, the imagery and the reality of terrorism differ overwhelmingly. There are various terror occurrences around the globe that are similar and can be classified as terrorism. Otherwise, terrorism has been a means to carry on a conflict without the antagonist realizing the nature of the threat, mistaking terrorism for criminal activity. Terrorism should be a global concern because it is fast spreading around the globe raising terror. It has been facilitated by the use of religion as a justification for terrorist activities, proliferation of local terrorist groups, and political instability among and within various world wide nations.
In Western Europe it is the historic separatisms of Irish republicanism in Northern Ireland and Basque nationalism in Spain that have spawned the most lethal and protracted terrorism. In Northern Ireland the IRA and Loyalist cease-fires are still holding, and the British and Irish governments and the Social Democratic and Labour Party leader, John Hume, deserve credit for their efforts towards peace. But the cease-fire is still extremely fragile, and it is going to be very difficult indeed to convert it into a lasting and honourable peace. The declared objectives of IRA/Sinn Fein and the Unionists are as far apart as ever, and the terrorist para-militaries still have their stocks of weapons and explosives. In Spain ETA has been greatly weakened by improved Franco-Spanish police co-operation, but the terrorists show no signs of giving up.
Terrorism is one of the most extensively discussed issues of our time and at the same time it is also one of the least understood. The term itself “terrorism” means many different things to different people, cultures, and races. As a result, trying to define or classify terrorism with one universal definition is nearly impossible. The definition of terrorism used in this research is a reflection of much of the Western and American way of defining it. The definition of terrorism is,
Since the end of the Cold War, dramatic emerging shifts in the focus of international relations, from the world superpowers, have veered to that of terrorism and counterterrorism. Terrorism and in/direct threats to the order of international stability of sovereign states did not come to the forefront of significance and study until the 20th century with the events occurring on September 11, 2001 at the World Trade Center and the U.S. Pentagon. Immediately following these traumas, there “began a reorientation in foreign policy towards weak and failing states” (Skuldt, n.d., p. 1). The world of academia has traditionally focused on international relations as a discipline, with a sub-categorization on foreign policy. Historically, terrorism was not study specific. Focus on foreign policy allows for further exploration of policy analysis, theory and prescripts; however, the study of terrorism has been dotted through these areas disallowing the formulation of a concise framework for analysis. Because of these factors, building theories that focus on the connections between the two subjects has been difficult; and yet, in our current global society, they are critical. “Terrorism has [in fact] become a mode of doing politics” (Skuldt, n.d., p. 2) and can no longer merely be a subset to other areas of research and analysis.
On September 11, 2001, the destruction of the World Trade Center and the Pentagon changed the mindset and the opinion of nearly every American on the one of the most vital issues in the 21st century: terrorism (Hoffman 2). Before one can begin to analyze how the United States should combat such a perverse method of political change, one must first begin to understand what terrorism is, where it is derived from, and why there is terrorism. These issues are essential in America’s analysis of this phenomenon that has revolutionized its foreign policy and changed America’s stance in the world.
On Tuesday, September 11, 2001, terrorists hijacked four airliners and crashed them into different spots in the United States, resulting in nearly 3,000 deaths (9/11 Commemorations and Memorials). This tragedy had triggered a continuous battle held by governments, especially the United States, against terrorist groups. Ever since, terrorism, the act or threat of violence causing serious damage for political aims (TERRORISM), commenced to attract global attention strongly. The causes as well as impacts of these actions are various and complex.