While the potential benefits of RFID technology are clear and abundant, there is a definite need to regulate the development and implementation of the RFID technology. Not only must standards of regulation and operation be developed, but RFID technology raises privacy and security issues because of the passive and open nature of the technology. In order for the RFID tag industry to be successful in implementation there needs to be uniform standards and regulation so that tags and readers from different manufactures will be able to communicate with each other. The Internationals Organization Standardization in partnership with the International Electronics Commission has begun to ratify standards surrounding the RFID technology. There are three ISO standards that are currently adopted, each focusing on one area of the technology. The first ISO standard focuses on the management and implementation guideline of the RFID tag. The RFID tag will be the part of the technology that is most versatile in its role and ability to communicate information with the reader or antenna assembly. Because tags broadcast RF signals across airwaves, dedicated frequency ranges have been reserved for RFID communication. The tags themselves have also been broken down into classes based on the performance and ability of the tag. There are currently 5 classes of RFID tags. The tags are organized in a hierarchy, Class 0 through Class IV. Each class becomes more complex in the tags ability as you move up the scale. Class zero tags are passive "read only" passive tags that are programmed in the manufacturing process. Class I tags are "write-once, read many" tags that are programmable by the customer and then locked. Class II though class IV tags can be programmed many times and the ability of the tag to generate it's own RF signal increases with class to active tags in class IV which constantly broadcast a signal. (Matrix RFID Standards) The Third ISO standard describes the technology and implementation guidelines for RFID readers and antennas. Because RFID technology relies of radio frequency, regulatory commissions around the world have reserved bandwidth for RFID purposes. Most RFID tags operate in the Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) bands designated by the International Telecommunications Union. (ITU) The most common use of RF bandwidth is predicted to be in the High Frequency (HF) ISM band in Europe and America that will be centered around the 13.56Mhz band. (ITU Resources) There is also an Ultra High Frequency (UHF) band in the US and that has been set at 902-928 MHz.
A Louisiana attorney is constantly asked by non-Louisiana peers if the state ever adopted the Uniform Commercial Code or if they are still using the old, outdated, Napoleonic Code. Though Louisiana has stark interpretations of the relevance of the UCC, the state has adopted the code in piecemeal. This article is a partial synopsis of introducing readers to a few of the concepts of UCC as adopted by Louisiana compared to the existing principles of the law of sales.
The Uniform Commercial Code (for now on UCC), was first drafted in the early 50’s, and was a reunion of many laws pertaining commercial transactions, usage of trade, rules of performance, aspects of commercial formation and default, and dispute resolutions. It provides uniform law among the various jurisdictions, although each jurisdiction will choose the best way to apply it to each state.
Wen, Y., Chao-Hsien, C., and Zang, L. (2010). The use of RFID in healthcare. Benefits and
The Smart card first invented in 1974 by Frenchman Roland Moreno in France; during that time the card uses as a payment for a telephone call; since than smart cards have been in use into different industry including ...
Internet Radio and Downloading Devices. Internet radio broadcasts have no geographic limitations and can provide listeners with radio programming from around the country and the world.
...The product will be able to move. Because they can see what is being sold and where people are buying it they have the ability to change forecasts on what they should do. Using the RFID the tracking system will help eliminate errors and ensure quality of the products.
The level of RF a person receives is related to many factors, not only the placement of the antenna. Factors that can increase the level of RF are the number of “cells”, the distance to the “base station”, or the obstacles between the caller and the station. The number of cell zones depends on the user population. Heavily populated areas have more cells allowing for more telecommunication traffic. Being close to a cell site lowers the power needed to sustain a call, hence reduces the exposure to RF.
One of the first problems with Digital Angel and the Verichip is the sparseness of information relating to the technology. A quick tour of the Applied Digital Solutions’ Verichip website will give you a quick synopsis of what RFIDs are, and then list a few possible uses of the technology. The Frequently Asked Questions page on the website is equally shortchanged on information, with just a short tidbit on how the chips are installed, among other information. With a device that people will be living with for the rest of their lives (should they choose to bestow it upon them), I feel that many would rather have available detailed information on the technology. This is even more applicable when you consider the hostility that many people breed to technology that could lead to their mass surveillance (i.e. fear of conspiracy); many of these people’s concerns will likely be alleviated just by releasing more detailed info out on the web for the public to see.
Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a computerized ID innovation that uses radio recurrence waves to exchange information between an onlooker and things that have RFID gadgets, or tags, joined. The tags hold a microchip and receiving wire, and work at universally distinguished standard frequencies. Barcodes are much smaller, lighter and easier than RFID but RFID offers significant advantages. One major advantage of RFID is that the innovation doesn't oblige any observable pathway the tags could be perused as long as they are inside the range of the spectator, whereas in barcodes in order to read the barcode the barcode scanner should close around 10-15 fts. In RFID data, for example, part and serial numbers, assembling dates and support history is put away on the tags and catches which help in maintenance of equipments. RFID technology as high value for asset management and inventory systems
RFID has taken strides from being a far off solution to becoming a mainstream application that helps speed the handling of manufactured goods and materials. RFID is an identification and tracking tool for a product using radio waves. It uses a microchip and a printed antenna that can be then packaged in several different forms such as a label or embedded between layers of a carton. These labels are then used to identify the manufacturer, product category and the RFID enables this identification from a distance and unlike earlier bar-code technology, it does so without requiring a line of sight. (Finkelzeller)
Spectrum has an abundance of practical applications. It can be used for Radio communications, medical x–ray technology, microwave ovens, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and mobile broadband. The prevalence of these applications is continually growing, and this being the case, we must be careful to prevent interference caused by overloading a frequency and we must prepare for the ensuing spectrum crunch. The spectrum crunch refers to the point at which the amount of data being transferred through the electromagnetic spectrum exceeds the spectrum’s capacity to transfer that data without interference. This policy paper is primarily focused on the current policy surrounding the Wi-Fi and mobile broadband applications of spectrum and how the United States government should be directing policy to postpone the spectrum crunch.
The world has gone through a lot of changed as time passes by. With advancements in the technological field people are can communicate with ones from around the world without having to even lift a finger. To make things more efficient and more cost saving industries have made technology wireless. Wireless technology gives people the chance to get up from their stationary computer, or cord phone and able to freely move without restrictions. The IT, or Information Technology has become a standard and very critical part of today’s society. Wireless technology came from the basic just cellular usage to sensors in the medical field. Wires are now a thing of the past in today’s world with forever revitalizing technology.
There are two main types of RFID tags: active and passive. The difference between these two types lies within how and when they transmit their stored information. An active RFID tag is connected to a power source, ge...
The radio operates on the globally-available unlicensed radio band, 2.45 GHz (meaning there will be no hindrance for international travelers using Bluetooth-enabled equipment.), and supports data speeds of up to 721 Kbps, and the voice channels. The bluetooth modules can be either built into electronic devices or used as an adaptor. For instance in a PC they can be built in as a PC card or externally attached via the USB port.
Frequency modulation is, of course, used on the FM band. And it is used for